Gudda Fredrick, Muloi Dishon, Nganga Fredrick, Nolari Cynthia, Gao Yanzheng, Moodley Arshnee
Animal and Human Health Programme, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
NPJ Antimicrob Resist. 2024 Dec 30;2(1):51. doi: 10.1038/s44259-024-00071-2.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data from agroecosystems in low- and middle-income countries is limited. We surveyed chicken (n = 52) and pig (n = 47) farms in Kenya to understand AMR in animal-environment pathways. Using LC-MS/MS, we validated the methods for analyzing eight common antibiotics and quantified the associated risks. Chicken compost (25.8%, n = 97/376) had the highest antibiotics prevalence, followed by pig manure-fertilized soils (23.1%, n = 83/360). The average antibiotic concentration was 63.4 µg/kg, which is below the environmentally relevant threshold (100 µg/kg), except for trimethoprim (221.4 µg/kg) among antibiotics and pig manure-fertilized soils (129.3 µg/kg) across sample types. Similarly, the average AMR risk quotient (RQ) was low (RQ < 0.1), except for trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (RQ ≥ 1). Ecotoxicity and AMR risks increased with flock size and the number of antibiotics used by pigs. Continuous environmental monitoring and large-scale studies on antibiotic contamination are crucial for evidence-based pollution control and the effective mitigation of environmental AMR.
低收入和中等收入国家农业生态系统中的抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）数据有限。我们对肯尼亚的养鸡场（n = 52）和养猪场（n = 47）进行了调查，以了解动物-环境途径中的AMR情况。我们使用液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）验证了分析八种常见抗生素的方法，并对相关风险进行了量化。鸡粪堆肥（25.8%，n = 97/376）的抗生素检出率最高，其次是施用猪粪的土壤（23.1%，n = 83/360）。除了样本类型中的抗生素甲氧苄啶（221.4µg/kg）和施用猪粪的土壤（129.3µg/kg）外，平均抗生素浓度为63.4µg/kg，低于环境相关阈值（100µg/kg）。同样，除了甲氧苄啶和磺胺甲恶唑（RQ≥1）外，平均AMR风险商（RQ）较低（RQ<0.1）。生态毒性和AMR风险随着鸡群规模和猪使用的抗生素数量增加而增加。持续的环境监测和关于抗生素污染的大规模研究对于基于证据的污染控制和有效减轻环境AMR至关重要。
