Jiménez Rubio Sergio, Estévez Rodríguez José L, Escamilla Galindo Victor, Jiménez-Sáiz Sergio L, Del Coso Juan
Sports Science Research Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain.
Switzerland National Team Soccer, Muri bei Bern, Switzerland.
Front Sports Act Living. 2025 Jan 8;6:1496895. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1496895. eCollection 2024.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an Athletic Performance Program (APP), implemented as a complement to the usual training routines of a professional football team, on match performance variables in professional football players. The APP was designed to target mobility, stability, strength, multidirectional and sprint skills, which are critical for performance during competitive matches.
A prospective quasi-experimental study was conducted over three consecutive seasons. Fifty-four professional football players were randomly allocated into a control group (CG, = 25) and an experimental group (EG, = 29). During the in-season period, both groups followed the standard training routines prescribed by the coaching staff. Additionally, the CG performed a general supplementary physical fitness program five times per week, while the EG undertook the APP with the same frequency. The APP included indoor track sessions and micro-doses of on-field stimuli, focusing on specific performance attributes. The interventions lasted 10 weeks. Performance metrics were assessed pre- and post-intervention using GPS to measure match-related variables (total running distance, sprint distance, number of sprints, and peak running speed) and countermovement jump tests to evaluate vertical jumping ability. A two-way ANOVA (2 × 2; group and time) was employed to analyze the effects of the interventions and their interaction.
Significant group × time interaction effects were observed for total running distance (F = 51.853, < 0.001), sprint distance (F = 197.610, < 0.001), number of sprints (F = 86.923, < 0.001), and peak running speed (F = 81.351, < 0.001) during matches. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons revealed that only the EG showed improvements across all performance variables: total running distance (117.5 ± 5.20 to 123.1 ± 3.5 m/min, < 0.001), sprint distance (6.45 ± 1.43 to 8.35 ± 1.22 m/min, < 0.001), number of sprints (0.14 ± 0.03 to 0.16 ± 0.03 sprint/min, < 0.001), and peak running speed (31.1 ± 1.3 to 32.1 ± 1.0 km/h, < 0.001). Conversely, the CG exhibited significant declines in these metrics post-intervention ( < 0.001).
The findings demonstrate that integrating a 10-week multicomponent Athletic Performance Program into traditional training routines is effective in enhancing match performance variables, particularly in high-intensity actions such as sprints and running speed. The APP's focus on mobility, stability, strength, and sprint-specific skills likely contributed to these improvements, highlighting the importance of targeted supplementary training for optimizing athletic performance in professional football players. The observed decline in the CG emphasizes the need for specialized interventions to maintain and improve performance during the season.
本研究的目的是评估一项运动表现计划（APP）作为职业足球队常规训练的补充，对职业足球运动员比赛表现变量的影响。该APP旨在针对灵活性、稳定性、力量、多方向和冲刺技能，这些对比赛中的表现至关重要。
在连续三个赛季进行了一项前瞻性准实验研究。54名职业足球运动员被随机分为对照组（CG，n = 25）和实验组（EG，n = 29）。在赛季期间，两组都遵循教练组规定的标准训练常规。此外，CG每周进行五次常规补充体能训练，而EG以相同频率进行APP训练。APP包括室内田径训练和少量的场上刺激训练，侧重于特定的表现属性。干预持续10周。使用GPS测量与比赛相关的变量（总跑动距离、冲刺距离、冲刺次数和最高跑动速度）以及通过反向移动跳跃测试评估垂直跳跃能力，在干预前后评估表现指标。采用双向方差分析（2×2；组和时间）来分析干预的效果及其相互作用。
在比赛期间，观察到总跑动距离（F = 51.853，P < 0.001）、冲刺距离（F = 197.610，P < 0.001）、冲刺次数（F = 86.923，P < 0.001）和最高跑动速度（F = 81.351，P < 0.001）存在显著的组×时间交互效应。事后两两比较显示，只有EG在所有表现变量上都有改善：总跑动距离（117.5±5.20至123.1±3.5米/分钟，P < 0.001）、冲刺距离（6.45±1.43至8.35±1.22米/分钟，P < 0.001）、冲刺次数（0.14±0.03至0.16±0.03次冲刺/分钟，P < 0.001）和最高跑动速度（31.1±1.3至32.1±1.0公里/小时，P < 0.001）。相反，CG在干预后这些指标显著下降（P < 0.001）。
研究结果表明，将为期10周的多成分运动表现计划纳入传统训练常规可有效提高比赛表现变量，特别是在冲刺和跑动速度等高强度动作方面。APP对灵活性、稳定性、力量和特定冲刺技能的关注可能促成了这些改善，突出了针对性补充训练对优化职业足球运动员运动表现的重要性。在CG中观察到的下降强调了在赛季中需要专门干预以维持和提高表现。
