Chuang Ya-Ju, Pal Arnab, Chen Bo-Hao, Jena Satyaranjan, Suresh Sreerag, Lin Zong-Hong, Huang Michael H
Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
Chem Sci. 2025 Jan 13;16(7):3285-3295. doi: 10.1039/d4sc06643j. eCollection 2025 Feb 12.
PbZrTiO cubes with tunable sizes and cuboids have been hydrothermally synthesized. PbZrTiO cubes with three different Zr : Ti atomic percentages were also prepared. Analysis of synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns reveals the presence of two lattice components for these samples. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images shows discernible lattice spot differences between the inner bulk and surface layer region for a PbZrTiO cube, while a cuboid has distinct lattice spot deviations. The lattice variations yield different dielectric constant numbers for these two samples, despite being bound by the same crystal faces. The PbZrTiO crystals give size- and composition-dependent band gaps. Cuboids show notably larger piezoelectric and ferroelectric responses than cubes. Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) containing 30 wt% cuboids produce the highest open-circuit voltage of 20.36 V and short-circuit current of 2300 nA. The PENGs harvest energy through bending/releasing cycles to power devices and show photothermal pyroelectric activity. Moreover, a single 30 wt% cuboid PENG device integrated into a shoe insole can deliver an impressive 96.8% accuracy for human motion detection using a machine learning approach. This work illustrates that considerable lattice variation through crystal shape control is effective in enhancing material properties.
已通过水热法合成了尺寸可调的立方体形和长方体形的PbZrTiO。还制备了具有三种不同Zr : Ti原子百分比的立方体形PbZrTiO。同步加速器X射线衍射（XRD）图谱分析表明，这些样品存在两种晶格成分。对高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HR-TEM）图像进行快速傅里叶变换（FFT）处理后发现，对于一个立方体形的PbZrTiO，其内部主体区域和表面层区域之间存在明显的晶格点差异，而长方体形的PbZrTiO则有明显的晶格点偏差。尽管这两个样品由相同的晶面包围，但晶格变化导致它们具有不同的介电常数数值。PbZrTiO晶体的带隙与尺寸和成分有关。长方体形的PbZrTiO比立方体形的表现出明显更大的压电和铁电响应。含有30 wt%长方体形PbZrTiO的压电纳米发电机（PENG）产生的最高开路电压为20.36 V，短路电流为2300 nA。这些PENG通过弯曲/释放循环来收集能量为设备供电，并表现出光热热电活性。此外，将单个30 wt%长方体形PbZrTiO的PENG器件集成到鞋垫中，使用机器学习方法进行人体运动检测时，其准确率可达96.8%，令人印象深刻。这项工作表明，通过晶体形状控制实现的显著晶格变化对增强材料性能是有效的。
