障碍物对比度会调节年轻人和老年人的步态行为。
Obstacle contrast modulates gait behavior in younger and older adults.
作者信息
Napier-Dovorany Kierstyn, Rietdyk Shirley, Gruber Allison H, Hassan Shirin E
机构信息
Purdue University, Department of Health and Kinesiology, West Lafayette, Indiana.
Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN.
出版信息
Optom Vis Sci. 2025 Feb 1;102(2):97-105. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000002219. Epub 2025 Jan 24.
PURPOSE
This study investigated how obstacle contrast altered gait behavior of healthy younger and older adults.
METHODS
Twenty normally sighted adults, 11 older (mean [standard deviation] age, 68.1 [5.1] years) and 9 younger (mean [standard deviation] age, 21.1 [2.1] years), walked along a 6-m, black carpeted walkway and stepped over a single obstacle positioned 4 m from the start. The obstacle varied in height (0 [no obstacle], 1, and 19 cm) and contrast (6% ["low"] and 90% ["high"] Michelson contrast). Each subject completed 10 trials for each of the 5 conditions in an unblocked, random order. Lower limb kinematics were recorded using 13 motion capture cameras. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were measured. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess age group differences in trail toe position before crossing, lead and trail foot clearance over the obstacle, lead heel position after crossing, and obstacle crossing speed. Planned comparisons were done with Bonferroni correction. Independent t tests were used to compare vision and survey variables between groups.
RESULTS
Visual acuity was similar in both groups (p=0.17), although contrast sensitivity was better in the younger than older adults (p=0.001). Main effects were found for age: compared with younger adults, older adults showed a farther back trail foot position, greater trail foot clearance, closer lead heel position, and slower obstacle crossing speed (p<0.001 for all effects). Main effects were found for obstacle contrast: compared with low-contrast obstacles, for high-contrast obstacles, the trail foot position was farther back, both lead and trail foot clearance were greater, and lead heel position was closer (p<0.024 for all effects).
CONCLUSIONS
Obstacle contrast impacts gait behavior for younger and older adults. It is possible that the visual characteristics of an obstacle are enhanced for high-contrast obstacles, causing changes to gait behavior that may increase safety.
目的
本研究调查了障碍物对比度如何改变健康年轻人和老年人的步态行为。
方法
20名视力正常的成年人，11名老年人（平均[标准差]年龄，68.1[5.1]岁）和9名年轻人（平均[标准差]年龄，21.1[2.1]岁），沿着一条6米长、铺有黑色地毯的通道行走，并跨过一个距离起点4米的单个障碍物。障碍物的高度（0[无障碍物]、1和19厘米）和对比度（6%["低"]和90%["高"]迈克尔逊对比度）各不相同。每个受试者以无阻碍、随机的顺序完成5种条件下的每种条件的10次试验。使用13台动作捕捉相机记录下肢运动学数据。测量视力和对比度敏感度。采用重复测量方差分析来评估年龄组在越过障碍物前的 trail 脚趾位置、越过障碍物时的前脚和 trail 脚间隙、越过障碍物后的前脚脚跟位置以及越过障碍物的速度方面的差异。采用Bonferroni校正进行计划比较。使用独立t检验比较两组之间的视力和调查变量。
结果
两组的视力相似（p = 0.17），尽管年轻人的对比度敏感度优于老年人（p = 0.001）。发现年龄存在主效应：与年轻人相比，老年人的 trail 脚位置更靠后、trail 脚间隙更大（前脚和trail脚间隙）、前脚脚跟位置更靠近且越过障碍物的速度更慢（所有效应p < 0.001）。发现障碍物对比度存在主效应：与低对比度障碍物相比，对于高对比度障碍物，trail 脚位置更靠后，前脚和trail脚间隙都更大，前脚脚跟位置更靠近（所有效应p < 0.024）。
结论
障碍物对比度会影响年轻人和老年人的步态行为。对于高对比度障碍物，障碍物的视觉特征可能会增强，从而导致步态行为发生变化，这可能会提高安全性。
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