Turesky Robert J, Jones Clarence, Guo Jingshu, Cammerrer Kari, Maertens Laura A, Antonarakis Emmanuel S, Lu Zhanni, Spector Logan G
Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Hue-Man Partnership, 2400 Park Ave., Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA.
Toxics. 2025 Jan 8;13(1):42. doi: 10.3390/toxics13010042.
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), formed during the cooking of meat, are potential human carcinogens, underscoring the need for long-lived biomarkers to assess exposure and cancer risk. Frequent consumption of well-done meats containing 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-]pyridine (PhIP), a prevalent HAA that is a prostatic carcinogen in rodents and DNA-damaging agent in human prostate cells, has been linked to aggressive prostate cancer (PC) pathology. African American (AA) men face nearly twice the risk for developing and dying from PC compared to White men. We previously demonstrated that scalp hair is a reliable biospecimen for measuring PhIP intake using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This study aimed to determine whether PhIP dietary intake is higher in AA men, potentially contributing to this health disparity. Healthy AA men were found to have a significantly higher mean hair PhIP level (2.12-fold) than White men on free-choice diets. However, this difference was not statistically significant after adjusting for melanin content. Further research is needed to understand how hair pigmentation, follicular density, and other morphological features of hair influence PhIP accumulation. These insights can improve the accuracy of using hair PhIP levels as a biomarker for exposure and its potential associations with cancer risk.
杂环芳香胺（HAAs）在肉类烹饪过程中形成，是潜在的人类致癌物，这凸显了需要长期存在的生物标志物来评估暴露情况和癌症风险。经常食用含有2-氨基-1-甲基-6-苯基咪唑[4,5-b]吡啶（PhIP）的熟透肉类，PhIP是一种普遍存在的杂环芳香胺，在啮齿动物中是前列腺致癌物，在人类前列腺细胞中是DNA损伤剂，这与侵袭性前列腺癌（PC）病理相关。与白人男性相比，非裔美国（AA）男性患前列腺癌和死于前列腺癌的风险几乎高出一倍。我们之前证明，头皮毛发是使用液相色谱-质谱法测量PhIP摄入量的可靠生物样本。本研究旨在确定AA男性的PhIP饮食摄入量是否更高，这可能导致了这种健康差异。研究发现，在自由选择饮食的情况下，健康的AA男性的平均毛发PhIP水平比白人男性显著更高（2.12倍）。然而，在调整黑色素含量后，这种差异没有统计学意义。需要进一步研究以了解毛发色素沉着、毛囊密度和毛发的其他形态特征如何影响PhIP积累。这些见解可以提高将毛发PhIP水平用作暴露生物标志物及其与癌症风险潜在关联的准确性。
