Guémann Matthieu, Arribart Kevin
École Universitaire de Kinésithérapie, Centre Val de Loire, EUK-CVL, Orléans, France; Sport, Physical Activity, Rehabilitation and Movement for Performance and Health (SAPRéM), Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.
Institut Robert Merle d'Aubigné, Valenton, France.
Braz J Phys Ther. 2025 Mar-Apr;29(2):101165. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2024.101165. Epub 2025 Jan 23.
Mirror therapy shows promise in the treatment of phantom limb pain but lacks robust evidence.
To address this gap, we conducted a scoping review aiming to comprehensively explore the landscape of mirror therapy practice, gather details about the session content, and offer recommendations for future research.
We searched seven databases for published work from 1995 to May 2023. Two independent reviewers selected, assessed, and extracted data from eligible articles. Articles, regardless of study design, were considered eligible if they investigated mirror therapy as an intervention for phantom limb pain.
A total of 44 articles were included, comprising 16 randomized control trials, 14 prospective cohort studies, 15 case reports, and 3 protocols. These studies collectively involved 942 patients, with male patients representing 70 % of the participants. Lower limb amputation, primarily attributed to trauma, accounted for 88 % of the included patients. Pain intensity was predominantly assessed by a visual analog scale (61 %). However, there was a notable absence of detailed descriptions regarding mirror therapy sessions, particularly concerning the number of exercises, duration per exercise, and repetitions. Typically, sessions lasted 15 min each, conducted once daily. The exercises primarily focused on motor exercises targeting the distal part of the limb.
The practice of mirror therapy was characterized by poor description, showed significant heterogeneity, and a lack of standardized protocols, which contributes to an overall low level of evidence. Addressing these gaps in practice description and standardization is crucial for improving reproducibility and strengthening the evidence base for the prescription of mirror therapy.
镜像疗法在幻肢痛治疗中显示出前景，但缺乏有力证据。
为填补这一空白，我们进行了一项范围综述，旨在全面探索镜像疗法的实践情况，收集治疗内容细节，并为未来研究提供建议。
我们在七个数据库中检索了1995年至2023年5月发表的研究。两名独立评审员从符合条件的文章中筛选、评估并提取数据。无论研究设计如何，只要文章将镜像疗法作为幻肢痛的一种干预措施进行研究，即被视为符合条件。
共纳入44篇文章，包括16项随机对照试验、14项前瞻性队列研究、15篇病例报告和3篇方案。这些研究共涉及942例患者，其中男性患者占参与者的70%。下肢截肢主要归因于创伤，占纳入患者的88%。疼痛强度主要通过视觉模拟量表进行评估（61%）。然而，关于镜像疗法治疗过程的详细描述明显缺乏，尤其是练习次数、每次练习时长和重复次数。通常，每次治疗持续15分钟，每天进行一次。练习主要集中在针对肢体远端的运动练习上。
镜像疗法的实践描述不佳，存在显著异质性且缺乏标准化方案，这导致总体证据水平较低。解决实践描述和标准化方面的这些差距对于提高可重复性和加强镜像疗法处方的证据基础至关重要。
