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医疗例外论:在减少温室气体排放方面,医疗保健是否应区别对待?

Healthcare exceptionalism: should healthcare be treated differently when it comes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions?

作者信息

Parker Joshua

机构信息

Faculty of Health and Medicine, Health Innovation One, Sir John Fisher Drive, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4AT, England.

出版信息

Med Health Care Philos. 2025 Jun;28(2):233-245. doi: 10.1007/s11019-025-10254-x. Epub 2025 Jan 25.

Abstract

Healthcare systems produce significant greenhouse gas emissions, raising an important question: should healthcare be treated like any other polluter when it comes to reducing its emissions, or is healthcare special because of its essential societal role? On one hand, reducing emissions is critical to combat climate change. On the other, healthcare depends on emissions to deliver vital services. The resulting tension surrounds an idea of healthcare exceptionalism and leads to the question I consider in this paper: to what extent (if any) should the valuable goals of healthcare form an exception to the burdens of reducing greenhouse gas emissions? The goals of this paper are twofold. One is to think about how to address the issue of healthcare exceptionalism. Second is to discuss the extent of healthcare's climatic responsibilities. I examine two perspectives on healthcare exceptionalism. The first treats a responsibility to reduce emissions and the delivery of healthcare as separate issues, each governed by its own principle. I reject this view, proposing instead that we consider healthcare's environmental responsibilities in conjunction with its essential functions. I defend an "inability to pay" principle, suggesting that while healthcare should indeed contribute to mitigating climate change, its obligations should be constrained by the necessity of maintaining its core goals like protecting health and preventing disease. Healthcare should be treated differently from other sectors, but not to the extent that it is entirely exempt from efforts to reduce emissions.

摘要

医疗保健系统产生大量温室气体排放,这引发了一个重要问题:在减少排放方面,医疗保健是否应被视为与其他污染者一样,还是因其在社会中至关重要的作用而具有特殊性?一方面,减少排放对于应对气候变化至关重要。另一方面,医疗保健依赖排放来提供关键服务。由此产生的矛盾围绕着医疗保健例外论的观点,并引出了我在本文中思考的问题:医疗保健的宝贵目标在多大程度上(如果有的话)应成为减轻温室气体排放负担的例外情况?本文的目标有两个。一是思考如何解决医疗保健例外论的问题。二是讨论医疗保健在气候方面的责任范围。我审视了关于医疗保健例外论的两种观点。第一种观点将减少排放的责任和医疗保健的提供视为分开的问题,各自受其自身原则的支配。我拒绝这种观点,相反,我提议我们应结合医疗保健的基本功能来考虑其环境责任。我捍卫一种“无力支付”原则,即虽然医疗保健确实应该为缓解气候变化做出贡献,但其义务应受到维持其核心目标(如保护健康和预防疾病)的必要性的限制。医疗保健应与其他部门区别对待,但不应完全免除其减少排放的努力。

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