Wu Yanqian, Chao Jianqian, Bao Min, Zhang Na, Wang Leixia
Health Management Research Center, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China.
Department of Nursing Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P.R. China.
Hereditas. 2025 Jan 24;162(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s41065-025-00371-1.
Two-sample MR methods were employed to analyze the impact of smoking and bitter beverage consumption on the risk of osteoporosis and osteoporosis with pathological fractures, in order to assess the causal association.
Publicly available genome-wide association study summary data were analyzed using MR methods. The exposures investigated were smoking (smoking per day, smoking initiation, and lifetime smoking index) and bitter beverages (coffee, tea, bitter alcoholic beverages, bitter non-alcoholic beverages, and total bitter beverages). The outcomes examined were the risk of osteoporosis and osteoporosis with pathological fractures. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main statistical model. The stability and reliability of the results were verified by the Cochran's Q test, the Egger-intercept test, and the leave-one-out analysis.
Smoking per day was causally associated with the risk of osteoporosis OR = 1.417, 95% CI = 1.119-1.794, P = 0.003), and lifetime smoking index had a possible genetic causal association with the risk of osteoporosis with pathological fractures (OR = 4.187, 95% CI = 1.909-9.184, P < 0.001). No genetic causal association was found between smoking initiation or lifetime smoking index and the risk of osteoporosis (P > 0.05). No genetic causal association was identified between smoking per day or smoking initiation and the risk of osteoporosis with pathological fractures (P > 0.05). Total and bitter non-alcoholic beverage consumption showed a potential effect on the risk of osteoporosis (OR = 3.687, 95% CI = 1.535-8.858, P = 0.003 and OR = 3.040, 95% CI = 1.466-6.304, P = 0.002, respectively).
This study found smoking raises the risk of osteoporosis and osteoporosis with pathological fractures based on genetics. Certain bitter beverages are linked to an increased osteoporosis risk.
采用两样本孟德尔随机化方法分析吸烟和饮用苦味饮料对骨质疏松症及伴病理性骨折的骨质疏松症风险的影响，以评估因果关联。
使用孟德尔随机化方法分析公开可用的全基因组关联研究汇总数据。所研究的暴露因素为吸烟（每日吸烟量、开始吸烟年龄和终生吸烟指数）和苦味饮料（咖啡、茶、苦味酒精饮料、苦味非酒精饮料及总苦味饮料）。所考察的结局为骨质疏松症及伴病理性骨折的骨质疏松症风险。采用逆方差加权（IVW）方法作为主要统计模型。通过Cochran's Q检验、Egger截距检验和留一法分析验证结果的稳定性和可靠性。
每日吸烟与骨质疏松症风险存在因果关联（比值比[OR]=1.417，95%置信区间[CI]=1.119 - 1.794，P=0.003），终生吸烟指数与伴病理性骨折的骨质疏松症风险可能存在遗传因果关联（OR=4.187，95% CI=1.909 - 9.184，P<0.001）。开始吸烟年龄或终生吸烟指数与骨质疏松症风险之间未发现遗传因果关联（P>0.05）。每日吸烟量或开始吸烟年龄与伴病理性骨折的骨质疏松症风险之间未发现遗传因果关联（P>0.05）。饮用总苦味饮料和苦味非酒精饮料对骨质疏松症风险显示出潜在影响（分别为OR=3.687，95% CI=1.535 - 8.858，P=0.003；OR=3.040，95% CI=1.466 - 6.304，P=0.002）。
本研究基于遗传学发现吸烟会增加骨质疏松症及伴病理性骨折的骨质疏松症风险。某些苦味饮料与骨质疏松症风险增加有关。
