Yankova-Nikolova Anastasiya, Vlahova-Vangelova Desislava, Balev Desislav, Kolev Nikolay, Dragoev Stefan, Lowndes-Nikolova Biljana
Department of Meat and Fish Technology, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1040 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Foods. 2025 Jan 8;14(2):175. doi: 10.3390/foods14020175.
The present study aims to evaluate and compare some of the main indicators characterizing Bulgarian linden honey depending on the geographical origin. A total of 18 samples were collected from the six regions of Bulgaria, with 3 samples from each region taken from different producers during the 2023 harvest. The physicochemical indicators: hydroxymethylfurfural content, diastase activity, pH, color, water content and electrical conductivity, as well as organoleptic and pollen characteristics, were analyzed. Antioxidant activity was also investigated by several methods: total phenolic content (TPC), phenolic compounds by the Glories method, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical activity, CUPRAC (Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity), iron-reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAP) assay, and radical scavenging capacity in terms of ABTS•+, ORAC (oxygen radical antioxidant capacity). Differences were found depending on the region. All the studied honeys from the Northern Central Region contained higher sp. pollen. In the Southwestern Region, sp. pollen was not detected in any of the honey samples. The highest sensory score was awarded to linden honey from the Northern Central Region. An overall assessment ranks linden honey from the Northern Central region, the richest in linden forests, as the highest quality among the six studied regions. Another key finding was that 39% of linden honey labeled or declared as monofloral linden honey on the Bulgarian market does not meet the established criteria for monofloral honey.
本研究旨在评估和比较一些表征保加利亚椴树蜂蜜的主要指标，并分析其与地理来源的关系。从保加利亚的六个地区共采集了18个样本，在2023年收获季，每个地区从不同生产商处采集3个样本。对其理化指标：羟甲基糠醛含量、淀粉酶活性、pH值、色泽、水分含量和电导率，以及感官和花粉特性进行了分析。还通过几种方法研究了抗氧化活性：总酚含量（TPC）、采用Glories法测定酚类化合物、2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）自由基活性、铜离子还原抗氧化能力（CUPRAC）、铁还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）测定法，以及基于ABTS•+、氧自由基吸收能力（ORAC）的自由基清除能力。发现不同地区存在差异。来自中北部地区的所有研究蜂蜜中椴树花粉含量较高。在西南部地区，所有蜂蜜样本中均未检测到椴树花粉。中北部地区的椴树蜂蜜感官评分最高。总体评估将森林资源最丰富的中北部地区的椴树蜂蜜列为六个研究地区中质量最高的。另一个关键发现是，保加利亚市场上39%标记或宣称是单花椴树蜂蜜的产品不符合单花蜂蜜的既定标准。
