Shinohara Naohide, García Jose Juan Felipe Ángeles, Reyes Miguel Magaña, Jiménez Becki Gatica, Cruz Roberto Basaldud, Gonzalez Beatriz Cardenas, Wakamatsu Shinji
Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability (RISS), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change (INECC), The Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT), Blvd. Adolfo Ruíz Cortines 4209 Jardines en la Montaña, Ciudad de México 14210, Mexico.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Dec 25;22(1):10. doi: 10.3390/ijerph22010010.
Concerns regarding the health risks associated with employe exposure to volatile chemicals during gasoline refueling necessitates rigorous investigation and effective countermeasures. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of vapor recovery systems in mitigating exposure risks during gasoline refueling. Employee exposure to volatile organic compounds, aldehydes, carbon monoxide, and fine particulate matter (PM) was assessed at gasoline stations with and without vapor recovery systems. Three stations each from the State of Mexico and Mexico City, equipped with gasoline vapor recovery systems, were compared with three stations in Guadalajara lacking such systems. The exposure concentrations (mean ± standard deviation) to benzene in Guadalajara, the State of Mexico, and Mexico City were 45 ± 29, 24 ± 20, and 18 ± 15 μg/m, respectively, which were significantly higher than the background atmospheric concentrations at 1.6 ± 0.56, 0.72 ± 0.083, and 0.65 ± 0.14 μg/m, respectively. Similarly, the exposure concentrations of toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes at gasoline stations were significantly higher than the background atmospheric concentrations. However, the exposure concentrations of formaldehyde and PM were similar to the background atmospheric concentrations. The excess cancer risks due to benzene exposure were estimated at 1.2-4.2 × 10, 0.63-2.2 × 10, and 0.46-1.6 × 10 (mean) and 0.42-1.5 × 10, 0.29-1.0 × 10, and 2.4-8.6 × 10 (maximum) in Guadalajara, the State of Mexico, and Mexico City, respectively. The risk to employees in gasoline stations was reduced by 47-61% in service stations with gasoline vapor recovery systems.
对员工在汽油加油过程中接触挥发性化学物质所带来的健康风险的担忧，使得进行严格调查和采取有效对策成为必要。本研究旨在评估油气回收系统在减轻汽油加油过程中接触风险方面的效果。在有和没有油气回收系统的加油站对员工接触挥发性有机化合物、醛类、一氧化碳和细颗粒物（PM）的情况进行了评估。将墨西哥州和墨西哥城各三个配备汽油油气回收系统的加油站与瓜达拉哈拉三个没有此类系统的加油站进行了比较。瓜达拉哈拉、墨西哥州和墨西哥城的苯暴露浓度（平均值±标准差）分别为45±29、24±20和18±15μg/m³，显著高于背景大气浓度，背景大气浓度分别为1.6±0.56、0.72±0.083和0.65±0.14μg/m³。同样，加油站甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯的暴露浓度也显著高于背景大气浓度。然而，甲醛和PM的暴露浓度与背景大气浓度相似。瓜达拉哈拉、墨西哥州和墨西哥城因苯暴露导致的额外癌症风险估计分别为1.2 - 4.2×10⁻⁶、0.63 - 2.2×10⁻⁶和0.46 - 1.6×10⁻⁶（平均值）以及0.42 - 1.5×10⁻⁶、0.29 - 1.0×10⁻⁶和2.4 - 8.6×10⁻⁶（最大值）。在配备汽油油气回收系统的加油站，员工面临的风险降低了47% - 61%。
