Alamgir Akm, Raghunauth Rhea, Momoh Osezua, Ledwos Cliff
Organizational Knowledge and Learning, Access Alliance Multicultural Health and Community Services, 340 College Street, Suite 500, Toronto, ON M5T 3A9, Canada.
St. George Campus, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2025 Jan 10;22(1):85. doi: 10.3390/ijerph22010085.
Diabetes rates are high in Black and some other ethnic communities, often leading to more severe complications. We conducted a study to identify the prevalence and risk of diabetes among African Caribbean Black (ACB) individuals aged 18-39 and to assess the sensitivity of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) compared to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to diagnose diabetes. In this mixed-methods study, maximum variation sampling was used to recruit 272 ACB participants from fourteen African and five Caribbean countries from Toronto. Participants' height, weight, waist circumference, HbA1c, OGTT, demographic, and behavioural data were collected. SPSS was used to analyze the quantitative data. This study used descriptive statistics for frequency distribution and cross-tabulation while inferential statistics (regression, ANOVA, factor analysis, etc.) were used for relational analysis. Because of the small sample size, qualitative data were analyzed manually using the charting technique. This study found that 1.5% of participants had diabetes, 9.2% had prediabetes, and 44.9% were at risk of developing diabetes. The mean value of HbA1c, FBS, and 2hPG was 5.5%, 4.8 mmol/L, and 5.7 mmol/L, respectively. The mean BMI was 28.2 kg/m, and the waist circumference was 85.8 cm. This study found a correlation between glucose intolerance and increasing body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Dietary habits, physical inactivity, and mental health challenges were risk factors among the participants. HbA1c was found to be a more sensitive and culturally acceptable screening measure than OGTT in diagnosing diabetes. ACB individuals are at high risk of having diabetes, requiring culturally tailored peer-based health promotion strategies to reduce diabetes prevalence and risk. HbA1c is a culturally acceptable and statistically more capable measure than OGTT in identifying individuals with prediabetes. Further longitudinal research is needed.
黑人及其他一些族裔社区的糖尿病发病率很高，常常会导致更严重的并发症。我们开展了一项研究，以确定18至39岁非洲加勒比黑人（ACB）个体中糖尿病的患病率和风险，并评估糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）与口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）相比在诊断糖尿病方面的敏感性。在这项混合方法研究中，采用最大变异抽样从多伦多的14个非洲国家和5个加勒比国家招募了272名ACB参与者。收集了参与者的身高、体重、腰围、HbA1c、OGTT、人口统计学和行为数据。使用SPSS分析定量数据。本研究对频率分布和交叉表使用描述性统计，而对关系分析使用推断性统计（回归、方差分析、因子分析等）。由于样本量较小，定性数据采用图表技术进行人工分析。本研究发现，1.5%的参与者患有糖尿病，9.2%患有糖尿病前期，44.9%有患糖尿病的风险。HbA1c、空腹血糖（FBS）和餐后2小时血糖（2hPG）的平均值分别为5.5%、4.8毫摩尔/升和5.7毫摩尔/升。平均体重指数（BMI）为28.2千克/平方米，腰围为85.8厘米。本研究发现葡萄糖不耐受与体重指数（BMI）和腰围（WC）增加之间存在相关性。饮食习惯、缺乏身体活动和心理健康问题是参与者中的风险因素。研究发现，在诊断糖尿病方面，HbA1c是比OGTT更敏感且在文化上更易接受的筛查指标。ACB个体患糖尿病的风险很高，需要针对文化定制基于同伴的健康促进策略，以降低糖尿病患病率和风险。在识别糖尿病前期个体方面，HbA1c在文化上是可接受的，并且在统计学上比OGTT更有效。还需要进一步的纵向研究。
