Jia Zhi-Fei, Cui Yan-Ge, Liu Meng-Yuan, Kabissa Jeremiah Joe, Xu Yong-Yu, Kang Zhi-Wei, Chen Zhen-Zhen
State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China.
Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), Mwanza 999132, Tanzania.
Insects. 2025 Jan 2;16(1):38. doi: 10.3390/insects16010038.
not only damages plant leaves directly but also causes a sooty blotch due to the honeydew secreted by the nymphs and adults. This pest is widespread and seems to be spreading from low latitude to higher latitude areas where winters are typically colder, indicating an increase in its cold tolerance. Changes in temperature help insects to anticipate the arrival of winter, allowing them to take defensive measures in advance. This study examines the impacts of brief warm pulses on the low-temperature tolerance of , and analyzes the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying its cold adaptation, utilizing seasonal differences in cold tolerance. Intermittent training at 25 °C significantly improved the survival rate of overwintering nymphs (third and fourth instar) at -7 °C. Analysis of seasonal differences in the supercooling point (SCP) and freezing point (FP) revealed that overwintering nymph had the highest cold tolerance in November. Seasonal variation in levels of cold-resistant substances were also observed, with moisture decreasing during overwintering, while fat and glycerol levels increased. Conversely, glucose, sorbitol, and trehalose levels rose significantly at the end of the overwintering period. The expression profile of cold-resistant genes indicated that the aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 in () shows a significant decrease at the end of the overwintering period. Knocking down led to a marked reduction in the cold tolerance of . Therefore, brief warm pulses and are key factors contributing to the enhanced cold tolerance of . This research provides theoretical support for preventing the further spread of to higher latitudes, and offers technical guidance for developing effective pest control measures.
不仅直接损害植物叶片，还会因若虫和成虫分泌的蜜露导致煤烟病。这种害虫分布广泛，似乎正从低纬度地区向冬季通常较冷的高纬度地区扩散，这表明其耐寒性有所增强。温度变化有助于昆虫预测冬季的到来，使其能够提前采取防御措施。本研究利用耐寒性的季节差异，考察了短暂温暖脉冲对[害虫名称]低温耐受性的影响，并分析了其冷适应的生理和生化机制。在25℃下进行间歇训练显著提高了越冬若虫（三龄和四龄）在-7℃时的存活率。对过冷却点（SCP）和冰点（FP）的季节差异分析表明，越冬若虫在11月具有最高的耐寒性。还观察到抗寒物质水平的季节变化，越冬期间水分减少，而脂肪和甘油水平增加。相反，在越冬期结束时，葡萄糖、山梨醇和海藻糖水平显著上升。抗寒基因的表达谱表明，[害虫名称]中的醛糖酮还原酶家族1成员B1在越冬期结束时显著下降。敲除[该基因名称]导致[害虫名称]的耐寒性显著降低。因此，短暂温暖脉冲和[该基因名称]是导致[害虫名称]耐寒性增强的关键因素。本研究为防止[害虫名称]进一步向高纬度地区扩散提供了理论支持，并为制定有效的害虫防治措施提供了技术指导。
