Sabença Carolina, de la Rivière Rani, Barros Paulo, Cabral João Alexandre, Sargo Roberto, Sousa Luís, Dapkevicius Maria de Lurdes Enes, Silva Filipe, Lopes Filipa, Abrantes Ana Carolina, Vieira-Pinto Madalena, Caniça Manuela, Igrejas Gilberto, Torres Carmen, Poeta Patrícia
MicroART-Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Pathogens. 2025 Jan 20;14(1):99. doi: 10.3390/pathogens14010099.
One of the significant challenges facing modern medicine is the rising rate of antibiotic resistance, which impacts public health, animal health, and environmental preservation. Evaluating antibiotic resistance in wildlife and their environments is crucial, as it offers essential insights into the dynamics of resistance patterns and promotes strategies for monitoring, prevention, and intervention. and genera isolates were recovered from fecal samples of wild animals and environmental samples using media without antibiotic supplementation. Antibiograms were performed for 15 antibiotics to determine the phenotypic resistance profile in these isolates. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was tested by the double-disc synergy test, and one ESBL-producing isolate was screened by PCR and whole-genome sequencing. Biofilm production was analyzed using the microtiter plate method. A total of 23 spp. and 3 spp. isolates were obtained from 312 fecal samples from wild animals, 9 spp. and 4 spp. isolates were obtained from 18 river and stream water samples, and 4 spp. and 3 spp. isolates from 48 soil samples. Regarding antibiotic resistance, only one isolate of from soil samples was an ESBL-producer and showed resistance to six antibiotics. This isolate harbored multiple β-lactams genes (, , , and ), as well as genes of resistance to quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol, and belonged to the lineage ST307. Most of the spp. and spp. isolates were biofilm producers (except for one isolate), and 45.6% were weak biofilm producers, with the remaining being moderate to strong biofilm producers. We can conclude that antibiotic resistance is not widespread in these environment-associated isolates, which is a positive epidemiological outcome. However, identifying a single ESBL- isolate should serve as a warning of potential hotspots of resistance emergence.
现代医学面临的重大挑战之一是抗生素耐药率不断上升，这对公众健康、动物健康和环境保护都产生了影响。评估野生动物及其环境中的抗生素耐药性至关重要，因为它能为耐药模式的动态变化提供重要见解，并推动监测、预防和干预策略的制定。使用无抗生素补充的培养基从野生动物粪便样本和环境样本中分离出 属和 属菌株。对 15 种抗生素进行药敏试验，以确定这些分离株的表型耐药谱。通过双碟协同试验检测超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的产生，并通过 PCR 和全基因组测序对一株产 ESBL 的 分离株进行筛选。使用微量滴定板法分析生物膜的产生。从 312 份野生动物粪便样本中获得了总共 23 株 属菌株和 3 株 属菌株，从 18 份河流和溪水样本中获得了 9 株 属菌株和 4 株 属菌株，从 48 份土壤样本中获得了 4 株 属菌株和 3 株 属菌株。关于抗生素耐药性，仅土壤样本中的一株 分离株是产 ESBL 菌株，对六种抗生素耐药。该分离株携带多个β-内酰胺基因（ 、 、 、和 ），以及对喹诺酮类、磺胺类、四环素类、氨基糖苷类和氯霉素的耐药基因，属于 ST307 谱系。大多数 属和 属分离株是生物膜产生菌（除了一株 分离株），45.6%是弱生物膜产生菌，其余为中度至强生物膜产生菌。我们可以得出结论，抗生素耐药性在这些与环境相关的分离株中并不普遍，这是一个积极的流行病学结果。然而，鉴定出一株产 ESBL 的 分离株应作为耐药性出现潜在热点的警示。
