Sanatombi Keithellakpam
Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur, India.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2025 Jan;24(1):e70118. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.70118.
Pepper is an economically important crop grown worldwide for consumption as a vegetable and spice. Much waste, including crop plant waste, seeds, stalks, placenta, peels, and other processing byproducts, is generated by consumers during pepper crop production, processing, retail, and households. These peppers byproducts contain numerous bioactive compounds that can be used as ingredients for developing functional foods, nutraceuticals, and other food industries. This review summarizes the recent developments in the valorization of pepper waste. The content of bioactive compounds in different pepper wastes, their extraction processes, biological activities, and applications are discussed and given special attention. Pepper waste and byproducts are rich sources of nutrients and bioactive compounds, such as vitamins, dietary fiber, capsaicinoids, phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids, which possess health-promoting effects, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, and anticancer activities. Considering the potential for application of the bioactive compounds in food, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceutical industries, future studies are recommended to develop efficient and economical green extraction techniques and evaluate the sensorial characteristics, bioaccessibility, and safety of the bioactive compounds. Several strategies are also available for developing technologies to valorize pepper waste for possible applications other than in the food and biomedical industries. However, a sustainability check of the technologies and a joint effort by stakeholders at all levels is the key to reducing pepper waste and the sustainable valorization of the waste.
辣椒是一种在全球范围内种植的重要经济作物，作为蔬菜和香料供人们食用。在辣椒作物的生产、加工、零售和家庭消费过程中，会产生大量废弃物，包括作物植株废弃物、种子、茎秆、胎座、果皮以及其他加工副产品。这些辣椒副产品含有多种生物活性化合物，可作为开发功能性食品、营养保健品及其他食品工业的原料。本文综述了辣椒废弃物资源化利用的最新进展。重点讨论了不同辣椒废弃物中生物活性化合物的含量、提取工艺、生物活性及其应用。辣椒废弃物和副产品富含营养成分和生物活性化合物，如维生素、膳食纤维、辣椒素类、酚类、黄酮类和类胡萝卜素等，具有促进健康的作用，包括抗氧化、抗菌、抗炎、抗糖尿病、抗肥胖和抗癌活性。鉴于生物活性化合物在食品、营养保健品和制药行业的应用潜力，建议未来开展研究，开发高效经济的绿色提取技术，并评估生物活性化合物的感官特性、生物可及性和安全性。除了食品和生物医学行业外，还有几种策略可用于开发使辣椒废弃物增值的技术，以实现其他可能的应用。然而，对这些技术进行可持续性评估以及各级利益相关者的共同努力是减少辣椒废弃物和实现废弃物可持续资源化利用的关键。
