Cao Tianqi, Wei Zihao, Xue Changhu
State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2025 Jan;24(1):e70115. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.70115.
Most nutraceuticals have low stability and solubility, making it difficult to achieve ideal bioavailability by directly incorporating into food. Therefore, constructing delivery systems to protect nutraceuticals is an essential strategy. Proteins and polysaccharides have become ideal materials for encapsulating nutraceuticals due to their superior nutritional value, edible safety, and physicochemical properties. This review first introduces the binding methods of protein-polysaccharide complexes and analyzes their respective merits, defects, and applications. Then, various protein-polysaccharide complex-based nutraceutical delivery systems are systematically summarized, including emulsions, gels, nanoparticles, microcapsules, complexes, and films, which can improve the stability, encapsulation efficiency, and bioaccessibility of nutraceuticals. In addition to traditional globular proteins mentioned in previous reviews, this review also introduces the advantages of another morphology of proteins (protein fibrils with linear structure) in the formation of protein-polysaccharide complexes and the construction of nutraceutical delivery systems. Next, the affecting factors are analyzed to achieve the precise control of protein-polysaccharide complex-based nutraceutical delivery systems. To improve public acceptability of protein-polysaccharide complex-based nutraceutical delivery systems, the safety and regulatory aspects are also discussed in detail. Moreover, the applications of such delivery systems are presented, including dietary supplements, food ingredients, food packaging, and food detection. Finally, several promising research directions that had not been provided before are innovatively proposed, including cell-cultured meat scaffolds, plant-based meat analogs, three-dimensional printing inks, and "three reductions" foods. Overall, this review provides guidance for designing protein-polysaccharide complex-based nutraceutical delivery systems with customized nutrition and superior bioavailability.
大多数营养保健品稳定性和溶解性较低，直接添加到食品中难以实现理想的生物利用度。因此，构建保护营养保健品的递送系统是一项至关重要的策略。蛋白质和多糖因其卓越的营养价值、食用安全性和理化性质，已成为封装营养保健品的理想材料。本综述首先介绍蛋白质 - 多糖复合物的结合方法，并分析其各自的优点、缺点和应用。然后，系统总结了各种基于蛋白质 - 多糖复合物的营养保健品递送系统，包括乳液、凝胶、纳米颗粒、微胶囊、复合物和薄膜，这些系统可以提高营养保健品的稳定性、包封效率和生物可及性。除了以往综述中提到的传统球状蛋白质外，本综述还介绍了另一种蛋白质形态（具有线性结构的蛋白质原纤维）在形成蛋白质 - 多糖复合物和构建营养保健品递送系统方面的优势。接下来，分析影响因素以实现对基于蛋白质 - 多糖复合物的营养保健品递送系统的精确控制。为提高基于蛋白质 - 多糖复合物的营养保健品递送系统的公众接受度，还详细讨论了安全性和监管方面。此外，还介绍了此类递送系统的应用，包括膳食补充剂、食品成分、食品包装和食品检测。最后，创新性地提出了几个以前未提及的有前景的研究方向，包括细胞培养肉支架、植物基肉类替代品、三维打印油墨和“三减”食品。总体而言，本综述为设计具有定制营养和卓越生物利用度的基于蛋白质 - 多糖复合物的营养保健品递送系统提供了指导。
