Lin Ren-Jie, Dai Anna, Huang Jia-Ping, Wang Meng, He Wen-Tao, Ding Pei-Hui
School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
J Periodontol. 2025 Jan 27. doi: 10.1002/JPER.24-0342.
The clinical evidence about alveolar ridge changes following molar extraction and how the alveolar bone morphology influences the ridge dimensional changes remains limited.
A total of 192 patients with 199 molar extractions were included in this retrospective study. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of patients were obtained 0-3 months pre extraction and 6-12 months post extraction. Outcome variables included the change rate in ridge height and width. The effect of morphology on the outcomes was explored by single-factor analysis, correlation analysis, and a multiple linear regression model.
Significant resorption of alveolar bone occurred vertically and horizontally after molar extraction. Jaw, furcation involvement, number of roots, number of bone wall defects, extraction reasons, overall relative bone loss (RBL), bone height of the furcation region, thickness of the lingual/palatal wall, and height difference between buccal and lingual/palatal walls (|HB-HL|) were significantly correlated with the change in the height of the central alveolar bone (HC). The number of bone wall defects, overall RBL, and |HB-HL| were significantly correlated with horizontal width change. HC resorption was higher in sockets with |HB-HL| > 2.5 mm and overall RBL > 50%.
The alveolar bone presented significant resorption after extraction. Anatomical characteristics affected the dimensions of the alveolar bone after molar extraction. When the initial overall RBL was severe or |HB-HL| was larger, the loss of alveolar bone dimensions was even more.
In recent years, it has been demonstrated that the local anatomical morphology of extraction sites may influence the process of alveolar bone remodeling. However, most studies have focused on the anterior teeth, with fewer investigations addressing molar extraction sites. Therefore, we aimed to describe ridge changes following molar extraction and investigate how alveolar bone morphology influences ridge dimensional changes. In this retrospective study, we included a total of 199 alveolar sockets from 192 patients with molar extractions and obtained the corresponding cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images 0-3 months pre extraction and 6-12 months post extraction. The results showed significant resorption of the alveolar bone following molar extraction. We found that anatomical characteristics significantly affect the dimensions of the alveolar bone after molar extraction. Specifically, the loss of alveolar bone dimensions was greater when the initial overall relative bone loss (RBL) was severe or when the difference between buccal and lingual/palatal walls was greater.
关于磨牙拔除后牙槽嵴变化以及牙槽骨形态如何影响牙槽嵴尺寸变化的临床证据仍然有限。
本回顾性研究共纳入192例患者的199颗磨牙拔除病例。在拔牙前0 - 3个月和拔牙后6 - 12个月获取患者的锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）图像。观察指标包括牙槽嵴高度和宽度的变化率。通过单因素分析、相关性分析和多元线性回归模型探讨形态对观察结果的影响。
磨牙拔除后牙槽骨在垂直和水平方向均发生明显吸收。颌骨、根分叉受累情况、牙根数量、骨壁缺损数量、拔牙原因、总体相对骨丢失（RBL）、根分叉区骨高度、舌侧/腭侧骨壁厚度以及颊侧与舌侧/腭侧骨壁高度差（|HB - HL|）与中央牙槽骨高度（HC）变化显著相关。骨壁缺损数量、总体RBL和|HB - HL|与水平宽度变化显著相关。|HB - HL| > 2.5 mm且总体RBL > 50%的牙槽窝中HC吸收更高。
拔牙后牙槽骨出现明显吸收。解剖学特征影响磨牙拔除后牙槽骨的尺寸。当初始总体RBL严重或|HB - HL|较大时，牙槽骨尺寸的丧失更明显。
近年来，已证明拔牙部位的局部解剖形态可能影响牙槽骨重塑过程。然而，大多数研究集中在前牙，针对磨牙拔牙部位的研究较少。因此，我们旨在描述磨牙拔除后的牙槽嵴变化，并研究牙槽骨形态如何影响牙槽嵴尺寸变化。在这项回顾性研究中，我们共纳入了192例磨牙拔除患者的199个牙槽窝，并在拔牙前0 - 3个月和拔牙后6 - 12个月获取了相应的锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）图像。结果显示磨牙拔除后牙槽骨有明显吸收。我们发现解剖学特征显著影响磨牙拔除后牙槽骨的尺寸。具体而言，当初始总体相对骨丢失（RBL）严重或颊侧与舌侧/腭侧骨壁差异较大时，牙槽骨尺寸的丧失更大。
