Jegede David O, Afolabi T Adeniyi, Agunbiade Foluso O, Oladeji Olatunde S, Gbadamosi Muideen R, Sojinu Samuel O, Ojekunle Oluseyi Z, Varanusupakul Pakorn
Department of Basic Sciences (Chemistry Unit), Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria.
Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Environ Geochem Health. 2025 Jan 27;47(2):59. doi: 10.1007/s10653-025-02359-2.
The accumulation pattern of some inorganic pollutants in quarry sites around Ogun State was modeled using a Fuzzy comprehensive assessment (FCA). Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and naturally occurring radionuclides materials (NORMs) were assessed from soil samples collected from ten quarry sites in three districts (Odeda, Ajebo, and Ijebu Ode) in Ogun State. Three (3) NORMs ( K, U, Th) were assessed using gamma spectrometer with a NaI detector while ten (10) PTEs (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined by digestion method using Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer. The FCA was used to evaluate soil contamination, and SPSS version 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. Concentration range of PTEs(mg/kg) and NORMs(Bq/kg) in all the site are: As (5.62 ± 0.85 - 15.93 ± 2.40), Cd (BDL-1.26 ± 0.60), Co (5.56 ± 1.34 - 27.25 ± 1.14), Cr (18.68 ± 1.54 -61.43 ± 6.33), Cu (12.40 ± 1.31-82.43 ± 7.94), Fe (15,035.00 ± 81.12 - 36,520.00 ± 292.20), Mn (168.97 ± 5.93 - 353.30 ± 20.84), Ni (5.63 ± 1.99- 25.54 ± 2.50),),Pb (4.44 ± 0.8 - 17.87 ± 2.80) and Zn (42.97 ± 413 - 147.00 ± 7.50); K (76.78 ± 44.76-2647.88 ± 179.44), U (3.24 ± 1.82-55.42 ± 24.88),and Th (5.24 ± 3.90-244.36 ± 89.84). The results were modeled into a membership function matrix of three pollution classes. The FCA of NORMs revealed that 30, 10, and 60% of the sites were pristine, moderately polluted, and heavily polluted.In comparison, the FCA of PTEs confirmed 100% of the sites to be heavily polluted due to the accumulative effect of the PTEs. A high percentage of membership in the extremely impacted class is linked to a high concentration of Fe in all the sites due to the soil's geological structure and natural activities. At the same time, K and U have high-impact membership in all the quarry sites. Based on the findings, there is a need for stringent pollution control measures, targeted monitoring of PTEs and NORMs and the development of region-specific environmental regulations to protect both public health and ecosystems.
采用模糊综合评价法（FCA）对奥贡州周边采石场中一些无机污染物的累积模式进行了建模。从奥贡州三个地区（奥代达、阿杰博和伊杰布奥德）的10个采石场采集土壤样本，对其中的潜在有毒元素（PTEs）和天然放射性核素物质（NORMs）进行了评估。使用配备碘化钠探测器的伽马能谱仪对三种（3种）NORMs（钾、铀、钍）进行了评估，同时采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪消化法测定了10种（10种）PTEs（砷、镉、钴、铬、铜、铁、锰、镍、铅和锌）。利用FCA对土壤污染状况进行了评价，并使用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析。所有采样点PTEs（毫克/千克）和NORMs（贝克勒尔/千克）的浓度范围分别为：砷（5.62±0.85 - 15.93±2.40）、镉（低于检测限-1.26±0.60）、钴（5.56±1.34 - 27.25±1.14）、铬（18.68±1.54 - 61.43±6.33）、铜（12.40±1.31 - 82.43±7.94）、铁（15,035.00±81.12 - 36,520.00±292.20）、锰（168.97±5.93 - 353.30±20.84）、镍（5.63±1.99 - 25.54±2.50）、铅（4.44±0.8 - 17.87±2.80）和锌（42.97±4.一三 - 147.00±7.50）；钾（76.78±44.76 - 2647.88±179.44）、铀（3.24±1.82 - 55.42±24.88）和钍（5.24±3.90 - 244.36±89.84）。将结果建模为三个污染等级的隶属函数矩阵。NORMs 的 FCA 结果显示，30%、10%和 60%的采样点分别为未受污染、中度污染和重度污染。相比之下，PTEs 的 FCA 结果表明，由于 PTEs 的累积效应，所有采样点均为重度污染。由于土壤地质结构和自然活动的影响，所有采样点中极高影响等级的高隶属度与铁的高浓度有关。同时，钾和铀在所有采石场中均具有高影响隶属度。基于这些研究结果，有必要采取严格的污染控制措施，针对性地监测 PTEs 和 NORMs，并制定针对特定区域的环境法规，以保护公众健康和生态系统。
