Saros Lotta, Setänen Sirkku, Hieta Janina, Kataja Eeva-Leena, Suorsa Kristin, Vahlberg Tero, Tertti Kristiina, Niinikoski Harri, Stenholm Sari, Jartti Tuomas, Laitinen Kirsi
Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology Unit, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.
Department of Paediatric Neurology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland.
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2025 Apr;66:236-244. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.01.047. Epub 2025 Jan 25.
Maternal diet and health may influence a child's later neurodevelopment. We investigated the effect of maternal diet, adiposity, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and depressive/anxiety symptoms during pregnancy on the child's motor outcome at 5-6 years.
The motor performance of 159 children of women with overweight or obesity (pre-pregnancy body mass index 25-29.9 kg/m and ≥30 kg/m, respectively) was assessed by the Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition (Movement ABC-2, total scores and subscales of manual dexterity, aiming and catching, balance) at 5-6 years. Higher percentiles denoted better motor performance with ≤15th percentiles for total scores being used as a cut-off for developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Diet (dietary patterns from three-day food diaries and fish consumption from a frequency questionnaire), adiposity (air displacement plethysmography), depression and anxiety symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale and the SCL-90/anxiety subscale, respectively) were assessed in early and late pregnancy. GDM was diagnosed with an oral glucose tolerance test at early or mid-pregnancy. Logistic and general regression models were used to analyse the associations.
The mean percentiles for total scores of the Movement ABC-2 were 47.5 (SD 28.3), and 14.3 % of the children had DCD. A healthier maternal dietary pattern in early pregnancy associated with better motor performance in the child at 5-6 years (adj.mean difference = 9.80, 95%CI = 0.66-19.0). Higher maternal body fat mass both in early and late pregnancy (adj.OR = 1.07, 95%CI = 1.01-1.13, and adj.OR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.02-1.14) and fat percentage in late pregnancy (adj.OR = 1.12, 95%CI = 1.09-1.24) were associated with higher odds for DCD. Increasing maternal depressive symptoms were associated with lower odds for impaired aiming/catching (early/late pregnancy adj.OR = 0.78, 95%CI = 0.65-0.93, adj.OR = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.70-0.96). GDM was not associated with the motor performance.
A healthier dietary pattern during pregnancy favoured children's motor development, while it was compromised by higher maternal adiposity. Promoting an overall healthy diet throughout pregnancy might support the motor development in children born to mothers with overweight or obesity. Our findings indicating that maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy might associate with better motor performance in the child will require further research for confirmation.
NCT01922791.
母亲的饮食和健康状况可能会影响孩子日后的神经发育。我们调查了孕期母亲的饮食、肥胖、妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）以及抑郁/焦虑症状对孩子5至6岁时运动能力的影响。
采用儿童运动评估量表第二版（Movement ABC-2，包括总分以及手眼协调、目标捕捉、平衡等分量表）对159名超重或肥胖女性（孕前体重指数分别为25 - 29.9 kg/m²和≥30 kg/m²）的孩子在5至6岁时的运动表现进行评估。百分位数越高表明运动表现越好，总分≤第15百分位数被用作发育性协调障碍（DCD）的临界值。在孕早期和晚期评估饮食（通过三日食物日记记录的饮食模式以及频率问卷中的鱼类摄入量）、肥胖程度（空气置换体积描记法）、抑郁和焦虑症状（分别采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表和SCL-90/焦虑分量表）。在孕早期或中期通过口服葡萄糖耐量试验诊断GDM。使用逻辑回归和一般回归模型分析相关性。
Movement ABC-2总分的平均百分位数为47.5（标准差28.3），14.3%的孩子患有DCD。孕早期更健康的母亲饮食模式与孩子5至6岁时更好的运动表现相关（调整后平均差异 = 9.80，95%置信区间 = 0.66 - 19.0）。孕早期和晚期母亲较高的体脂肪量（调整后比值比 = 1.07，95%置信区间 = 1.01 - 1.13，以及调整后比值比 = 1.08，95%置信区间 = 1.02 - 1.14）和孕晚期的脂肪百分比（调整后比值比 = 1.12，95%置信区间 = 1.09 - 1.24）与患DCD的较高几率相关。母亲抑郁症状增加与目标捕捉能力受损几率降低相关（孕早期/晚期调整后比值比 = 0.78，95%置信区间 = 0.65 - 0.93，调整后比值比 = 0.82，95%置信区间 = 0.70 - 0.96）。GDM与运动表现无关。
孕期更健康的饮食模式有利于孩子的运动发育，而母亲较高的肥胖程度则会对其产生不利影响。在整个孕期推广全面健康的饮食可能有助于超重或肥胖母亲所生孩子的运动发育。我们的研究结果表明孕期母亲的抑郁症状可能与孩子更好的运动表现相关，这一结论需要进一步研究证实。
NCT01922791
