给1岁骆驼犊牛饲喂以苜蓿干草为基础日粮并添加不同水平精饲料的性能表现。
Performance of 1-year-old camel calves fed a basal ration of alfalfa hay supplemented with different levels of concentrate.
作者信息
Askar Ahmed R, Darwesh Rawia, Allam Sabbah, Abdul Aziz Galal M, El Shereef Afaf A, Eid Ehab Y, Kandil Hamedi M, El Ezz Samir S Abou, Shoukry Mohsen M
机构信息
Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
出版信息
BMC Vet Res. 2025 Jan 27;21(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-04485-6.
BACKGROUND
The use of a high-concentrate diet in fattening camels may have significant effects on growth performance and digestion as well as economic returns. This experiment was designed to study the effects of feeding different levels of concentrate in their diet on growth performance and digestion in a desert climate.
METHODS
Eighteen 12-month-old male camel calves were used, and divided into three treatments of six each. The concentrate was administered based on their body weight (BW) at 0.7 (low), 1.0 (medium), and 1.3% (high), with free access to alfalfa and water. The experiment lasted for 6 months, in which digestibility trials took place at 14, 16, and 18 months of age, which corresponded to 2, 4, and 6 months of the experimental period.
RESULTS
No significant variations were observed in final BW, BW changes, or average daily gain among feeding treatments. Increasing the concentrate level had a negative effect on roughage intake, impacting the roughage-to-concentrate ratio (P < 0.05) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (P < 0.05). Increasing concentrate levels significantly increased total intake (P < 0.05), leading to a worse feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). However, animal age had no negative effect on nutrient digestibility, and there were no interactions between concentrate supplement level and animal age. Significant increases in plasma total protein (P < 0.05) and urea (P < 0.05) were observed when the leve lof concentrate was increased. A similar trend was observed in rumen ammonia concentration. Camel calves fed low vs. medium or high levels of concentrate showed a greater rumen pH (P < 0.05), which was linked to a lower concentration of volatile fatty acids (P < 0.010).
CONCLUSIONS
The present study concluded that yearling camel calves receiving different levels of concentrate with ad lib alfalfa hay could cover their nutrient requirements for maintenance and growth with a daily gain of 630 g/day when the level of concentrate was limited to 0.7% of BW and the total intake was only around 1.65% of BW, or 70.6 g/kg metabolic BW.
背景
在育肥骆驼中使用高浓度日粮可能对生长性能、消化以及经济效益产生重大影响。本实验旨在研究在沙漠气候条件下，日粮中饲喂不同水平的精饲料对骆驼生长性能和消化的影响。
方法
选用18头12月龄雄性骆驼犊，分为三组，每组6头。根据体重按0.7%（低）、1.0%（中）和1.3%（高）的比例投喂精饲料，自由采食苜蓿并饮水。实验持续6个月，在14、16和18月龄进行消化率试验，分别对应实验期的2、4和6个月。
结果
各饲喂处理间的最终体重、体重变化或平均日增重均未观察到显著差异。精饲料水平的增加对粗饲料采食量有负面影响，影响了粗精比（P < 0.05）和中性洗涤纤维消化率（P < 0.05）。精饲料水平的增加显著提高了总采食量（P < 0.05），导致饲料转化率变差（P < 0.05）。然而，动物年龄对养分消化率没有负面影响，精饲料补充水平与动物年龄之间也没有相互作用。精饲料水平增加时，血浆总蛋白（P < 0.05）和尿素（P < 0.05）显著增加。瘤胃氨浓度也观察到类似趋势。饲喂低水平精饲料的骆驼犊与中、高水平精饲料的骆驼犊相比，瘤胃pH值更高（P < 0.05），这与挥发性脂肪酸浓度较低有关（P < 0.010）。
结论
本研究得出结论，当年骆驼犊在自由采食苜蓿干草的情况下，当精饲料水平限制在体重的0.7%，总采食量仅约为体重的1.65%或70.6 g/kg代谢体重时，接受不同水平的精饲料可以满足维持和生长的营养需求，日增重可达630 g/天。
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