Suppr超能文献

通过疫苗接种重新思考应对新冠病毒进化的最佳免疫原

Rethinking Optimal Immunogens to Face SARS-CoV-2 Evolution Through Vaccination.

作者信息

Blanco Julià, Trinité Benjamin, Puig-Barberà Joan

机构信息

IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.

Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.

出版信息

Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2025 Jan;19(1):e70076. doi: 10.1111/irv.70076.

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2, which originated in China in late 2019, quickly fueled the global COVID-19 pandemic, profoundly impacting health and the economy worldwide. A series of vaccines, mostly based on the full SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, were rapidly developed, showing excellent humoral and cellular responses and high efficacy against both symptomatic infection and severe disease. However, viral evolution and the waning humoral neutralizing responses strongly challenged vaccine long term effectiveness, mainly against symptomatic infection, making necessary a strategy of repeated and updated booster shots. In this repeated vaccination context, antibody repertoire diversification was evidenced, although immune imprinting after booster doses or reinfection was also demonstrated and identified as a major determinant of immunological responses to repeated antigen exposures. Considering that a small domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, the receptor binding domain (RBD), is the major target of neutralizing antibodies and concentrates most viral mutations, the following text aims to provide insights into the ongoing debate over the best strategies for vaccine boosters. We address the relevance of developing new booster vaccines that target the evolving RBD, thus focusing on the relevant antigenic sites of the SARS-CoV-2 new variants. A combination of this strategy with immunofusing and computerized approaches could minimize immune imprinting, therefore optimizing neutralizing immune responses and booster vaccine efficacy.

摘要

2019年末起源于中国的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)迅速引发了全球新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)大流行,对全球健康和经济产生了深远影响。一系列主要基于完整SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白的疫苗迅速研发出来,显示出良好的体液和细胞免疫反应,对有症状感染和重症疾病均有高效的预防效果。然而,病毒进化以及体液中和反应的减弱对疫苗的长期有效性构成了严峻挑战,主要是针对有症状感染,因此有必要采取重复接种和更新加强针的策略。在这种重复接种的背景下,尽管也证实并确定加强剂量或再次感染后的免疫印记是对重复抗原暴露产生免疫反应的主要决定因素,但抗体库的多样化依然得到了证实。鉴于SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白的一个小结构域,即受体结合结构域(RBD),是中和抗体的主要靶点且集中了大多数病毒突变,下文旨在深入探讨关于疫苗加强针最佳策略的持续争论。我们讨论了开发针对不断演变的RBD的新型加强疫苗的相关性,从而聚焦于SARS-CoV-2新变种的相关抗原位点。将这一策略与免疫融合和计算机方法相结合,可以最大限度地减少免疫印记,从而优化中和免疫反应和加强疫苗的效力。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b722/11773156/ce631f6efc30/IRV-19-e70076-g002.jpg

文献AI研究员

20分钟写一篇综述,助力文献阅读效率提升50倍。

立即体验

用中文搜PubMed

大模型驱动的PubMed中文搜索引擎

马上搜索

文档翻译

学术文献翻译模型,支持多种主流文档格式。

立即体验