Zhu Yuhao, Li Ziyang, Zhao Dan, Zhang Bowen, Zhu Bo, Yao Zhisheng, Kiese Ralf, Butterbach-Bahl Klaus, Zhou Minghua
Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
Beijing Construction Engineering Group Environmental Remediation Co. Ltd., Beijing, China.
Glob Chang Biol. 2025 Jan;31(1):e70048. doi: 10.1111/gcb.70048.
Conservation agriculture, which involves minimal soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop rotation, has been widely adopted as a sustainable agricultural practice globally. However, the effects of conservation agriculture practices on soil NO emissions and crop yield vary based on geography, management methods, and the duration of implementation, which has hindered its widespread scientific application. In this study, we assessed the impacts of no-tillage (NT), both individually and in combination with other conservation agriculture principles, on soil NO emissions and crop yields worldwide, based on 1270 observations from 86 peer-reviewed articles. Our results showed that conservation agriculture practices significantly increased crop yield by 9.1% while significantly reducing soil NO emissions by 6.8% compared to conventional tillage (CT). These mitigation effects were even greater when NT was combined with other conservation agriculture principles, such as crop residue retention and crop rotation, leading to reductions in NO emissions of over 15% and yield increases of more than 30%. Additionally, conservation agriculture was more effective at mitigating soil NO emissions in dry climates compared to humid regions. Long-term adoption of conservation agriculture practices was found to reduce soil NO emissions by up to 26% without compromising crop yields. Smallholder farm in Central Asia, South Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa appear particularly suitable for the adoption of conservation agriculture, whereas, in humid climates, high nitrogen (N) input management and silt-clay loam soil should be applied with caution. Overall, conservation agriculture holds significant potential for mitigating soil NO emissions while enhancing grain yields in cereal cropping systems.
保护性农业涉及最少的土壤扰动、永久性土壤覆盖和作物轮作，已作为一种可持续农业实践在全球广泛采用。然而，保护性农业实践对土壤一氧化氮排放和作物产量的影响因地理、管理方法和实施持续时间而异，这阻碍了其在科学上的广泛应用。在本研究中，我们基于86篇同行评审文章中的1270项观测数据，评估了免耕（NT）单独以及与其他保护性农业原则结合对全球土壤一氧化氮排放和作物产量的影响。我们的结果表明，与传统耕作（CT）相比，保护性农业实践显著提高了作物产量9.1%，同时显著减少了土壤一氧化氮排放6.8%。当免耕与其他保护性农业原则（如作物残茬保留和作物轮作）结合时，这些减排效果甚至更大，导致一氧化氮排放减少超过15%，产量增加超过30%。此外，与湿润地区相比，保护性农业在干旱气候下减轻土壤一氧化氮排放方面更有效。长期采用保护性农业实践被发现可在不影响作物产量的情况下将土壤一氧化氮排放减少多达26%。中亚、南亚和撒哈拉以南非洲的小农户农场似乎特别适合采用保护性农业，而在湿润气候下，应谨慎应用高氮投入管理和粉质粘壤土。总体而言，保护性农业在减轻谷物种植系统土壤一氧化氮排放同时提高谷物产量方面具有巨大潜力。
