Sun Mengxue, Wan Yongwen, Shi Mengjie, Meng Zhuo-Xian, Zeng Wenwen
Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China.
Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
Life Metab. 2023 Jun 6;2(4):load022. doi: 10.1093/lifemeta/load022. eCollection 2023 Aug.
Efficient communication between the brain and peripheral organs is indispensable for regulating physiological function and maintaining energy homeostasis. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) in vertebrates, consisting of the autonomic and somatic nervous systems, bridges the peripheral organs and the central nervous system (CNS). Metabolic signals are processed by both vagal sensory nerves and somatosensory nerves. The CNS receives sensory inputs via ascending nerves, serves as the coordination and integration center, and subsequently controls internal organs and glands via descending nerves. The autonomic nervous system consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic branches that project peripheral nerves into various anatomical locations to regulate the energy balance. Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves typically control the reflexive and involuntary functions in organs. In this review article, we outline the innervation of adipose tissue, gut, pancreas, and liver, to illustrate the neurobiological basis of central-peripheral interactions. We emphasize the importance of understanding the functional atlas of neural control of energy metabolism, and more importantly, provide potential avenues for further research in this area.
大脑与外周器官之间的有效沟通对于调节生理功能和维持能量平衡不可或缺。脊椎动物的外周神经系统（PNS）由自主神经系统和躯体神经系统组成，它连接着外周器官和中枢神经系统（CNS）。代谢信号由迷走感觉神经和躯体感觉神经进行处理。中枢神经系统通过上行神经接收感觉输入，作为协调和整合中心，随后通过下行神经控制内脏器官和腺体。自主神经系统由交感神经和副交感神经分支组成，这些分支将外周神经投射到不同的解剖位置以调节能量平衡。交感神经和副交感神经通常控制器官的反射性和非自主功能。在这篇综述文章中，我们概述了脂肪组织、肠道、胰腺和肝脏的神经支配，以阐明中枢 - 外周相互作用的神经生物学基础。我们强调理解能量代谢神经控制功能图谱的重要性，更重要的是，为该领域的进一步研究提供潜在途径。
