Hossain Amir, Monem Md Abdul, Rahman Mamunur, Raza Rashadur
Khulna Agricultural University, Bangladesh.
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Bangladesh.
Sci One Health. 2024 Dec 9;4:100100. doi: 10.1016/j.soh.2024.100100. eCollection 2025.
Mpox, formerly referred to as monkeypox, is a viral disease endemic to central Africa, resulting from the monkeypox virus (MPXV). This study provides a current overview of the Mpox epidemic as of 2024, emphasizing significant developments and epidemiological trends. The World Health Organization (WHO) initially designated a clade Ⅱb outbreak as a global health emergency in May 2022, which was subsequently managed through vaccination and public health interventions by May 2023. In September 2023, a resurgence of cladeⅠ in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) resulted in a 160 % increase in cases by 2024. The WHO declared this increase a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) in August 2024. The outbreak timeline indicates substantial rises in cases and fatalities, especially among children under 15 in the DRC. Regional analysis reveals that the European Region initially recorded the highest incidence of cases and fatalities. In contrast, regions including African Region (AFRO), Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO), South-East Asia Region (SEARO), and Western Pacific Region (WPRO) exhibited a rise in cases, indicating a potential spread or resurgence of the health event. Gender disparities in transmission pathways were apparent, with males exhibiting higher case numbers, particularly via person-to-person contact. The research highlights the necessity of ongoing surveillance, global collaboration, and focused public health measures. The discourse addresses obstacles in vaccine distribution and the necessity for emergency use authorizations, highlighting the imperativeness for adaptive strategies in public health management. This extensive update offers critical insights into the present condition of the Mpox epidemic and the necessary measures to mitigate its proliferation.
猴痘，以前称为猴天花，是一种在中非流行的病毒性疾病，由猴痘病毒（MPXV）引起。本研究概述了截至2024年的猴痘疫情，重点介绍了重大进展和流行病学趋势。世界卫生组织（WHO）最初于2022年5月将Ⅱb分支疫情指定为全球卫生紧急事件，随后在2023年5月通过疫苗接种和公共卫生干预措施进行了管控。2023年9月，刚果民主共和国（DRC）Ⅰ分支疫情卷土重来，到2024年病例增加了160%。世卫组织于2024年8月宣布这一增长为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件（PHEIC）。疫情时间表显示病例和死亡人数大幅上升，尤其是在刚果民主共和国15岁以下儿童中。区域分析表明，欧洲区域最初记录的病例和死亡发生率最高。相比之下，非洲区域（AFRO）、东地中海区域（EMRO）、东南亚区域（SEARO）和西太平洋区域（WPRO）等区域的病例数有所上升，表明该卫生事件可能出现传播或卷土重来。传播途径存在性别差异，男性病例数较高，尤其是通过人际接触感染的。该研究强调了持续监测、全球合作和针对性公共卫生措施的必要性。讨论涉及疫苗分发方面的障碍以及紧急使用授权的必要性，强调了公共卫生管理中采用适应性策略的紧迫性。这一全面更新为猴痘疫情的现状以及减缓其扩散所需采取的措施提供了关键见解。
