DeLoache J S, Cassidy D J, Brown A L
Child Dev. 1985 Feb;56(1):125-37.
In 4 studies with 18-24-month-old children, evidence was obtained of strategy-like behaviors in a memory-for-location task in which the child had to remember in what natural location a toy had been hidden. The children exhibited behaviors that resemble the mature strategies of rehearsal and monitoring, including talking about the toy or its hiding place and looking or pointing at it during the delay interval. In Experiments 1 and 2, these strategy-like behaviors were engaged in differentially as a function of familiarity, both of the setting in which the task was embedded and of the task itself. Significantly more target behaviors occurred in an unfamiliar than in a familiar setting, and more target behaviors occurred on the first than on the second day of observation. In Experiment 3, when the basic memory task was modified to remove the memory demands from the child, very few of the strategy-like behaviors occurred, indicating that they were indeed memory specific. In the fourth experiment, the rehearsal-like behaviors were shown to be related to subsequent retrieval. We interpret these results as evidence of an early natural propensity to keep alive what must be remembered, a rudimentary and imperfect version of what will later become more elaborate and planful mnemonic strategies.
在针对18至24个月大儿童的4项研究中，在一项位置记忆任务中获得了类似策略行为的证据，在该任务中，儿童必须记住玩具被藏在哪个自然位置。这些儿童表现出类似于复述和监控等成熟策略的行为，包括谈论玩具或其隐藏位置，并在延迟间隔期间看向或指向它。在实验1和实验2中，这些类似策略的行为因熟悉程度而有不同表现，这涉及任务所处的环境以及任务本身。在不熟悉的环境中出现的目标行为明显多于熟悉的环境，且在观察的第一天比第二天出现更多目标行为。在实验3中，当基本记忆任务经过修改以消除儿童的记忆要求时，几乎没有出现类似策略的行为，这表明它们确实是特定于记忆的。在第四个实验中，类似复述的行为被证明与随后的检索有关。我们将这些结果解释为一种早期自然倾向的证据，即保持对必须记住的事物的记忆，这是后来将变得更加精细和有计划的记忆策略的一种初级且不完美的形式。
