Li Huimin, Song Wenwen, Wang Songfeng, Wang Yanhua, Ma Yunfeng, Su Yu, Ji Rong
Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Jan 15;290:117814. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117814. Epub 2025 Jan 27.
The abrasion of melamine cleaning sponges release microplastic fibers (MPFs) into the environment, yet the potential risks remain unknown. Here, we evaluated the ingestion, elimination, and toxic effects of melamine MPFs on Daphnia magna through acute and chronic exposures. This new type of MPFs displayed different morphology (a combination of linear and branched fibers with a length ranging from 10 to 157 μm) from the widely-studied MPFs released from textiles (longer and thicker linear fibers but no branched fibers). Although the lethality of melamine MPFs to neonates was not observed upon a short-term exposure (24 h), such effect was detected when the animals were exposed for a longer period (21 d) and showed a concentration-dependent manner. The MPFs tended to aggregate in the gut of D. magna, leading to a slow elimination compared to polystyrene microspheres. The MPFs remaining in the gut triggered an elevation in the intracellular reactive oxygen species, which further induced oxidative damage and eventually death. The long-term exposure to MPFs also stimulated D. magna to produce more offspring. Our findings show the chronic toxicity of the sponges-derived MPFs to typical freshwater zooplankton and accentuate the environmental impacts related to the extensive use of the sponges.
三聚氰胺清洁海绵的磨损会将微塑料纤维（MPFs）释放到环境中，但其潜在风险仍不为人知。在此，我们通过急性和慢性暴露评估了三聚氰胺MPFs对大型溞的摄入、消除及毒性作用。这种新型MPFs呈现出与广泛研究的纺织品释放的MPFs不同的形态（线性和分支纤维的组合，长度在10至157μm之间）（更长且更粗的线性纤维，但无分支纤维）。尽管短期暴露（24小时）未观察到三聚氰胺MPFs对幼体的致死性，但当动物暴露更长时间（21天）时可检测到这种效应，且呈浓度依赖性。MPFs倾向于在大型溞的肠道中聚集，与聚苯乙烯微球相比，消除速度较慢。残留在肠道中的MPFs引发细胞内活性氧升高，进而导致氧化损伤并最终死亡。长期暴露于MPFs还刺激大型溞产生更多后代。我们的研究结果显示了海绵衍生的MPFs对典型淡水浮游动物的慢性毒性，并凸显了与海绵广泛使用相关的环境影响。
