Jahne Michael A, Schoen Mary E, Garland Jay L, Nappier Sharon P, Soller Jeffrey A
United States and DevelopmentEnvironmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States.
Soller Environmental, Berkeley, California 94703, United States.
Environ Sci Technol Lett. 2024 Oct;11(11):1175-1181. doi: 10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00512.
Increasing pressures on traditional sources of water have accelerated the adoption of water reuse throughout the world. A key consideration for communities pursuing water reuse is understanding the amount of treatment that is needed to ensure adequate human health protection. Several U.S. EPA documents describe the importance of managing acute microbial risks and highlight the utility of quantitative microbial risk assessment for developing "fit-for-purpose" treatment targets based on the source of water and end-use. However, there are no U.S. federal water reuse regulations and states are currently considering microbial treatment targets for various applications. Previous publications have yet to address this need by using an updated and consistent set of input parameters to present risk-based microbial treatment targets across a wide range of sources of water, end-use applications, and health benchmarks. This work combines the most current modeling inputs and dose-response parameter values to provide probability of infection and disease burden-based microbial treatment targets for untreated municipal wastewater, untreated onsite wastewater, graywater, stormwater, and roof runoff water used for potable reuse, indoor nonpotable use, and landscape irrigation applications.
传统水源面临的压力不断增加，加速了全球范围内水再利用的采用。追求水再利用的社区的一个关键考虑因素是了解确保充分保护人类健康所需的处理量。美国环境保护局的几份文件描述了管理急性微生物风险的重要性，并强调了定量微生物风险评估在根据水源和最终用途制定“适用目的”处理目标方面的作用。然而，美国没有联邦水再利用法规，各州目前正在考虑各种应用的微生物处理目标。以前的出版物尚未通过使用一组更新且一致的输入参数来满足这一需求，以呈现广泛的水源、最终用途应用和健康基准下基于风险的微生物处理目标。这项工作结合了最新的建模输入和剂量反应参数值，为未经处理的城市废水、未经处理的现场废水、中水、雨水和用于饮用水再利用、室内非饮用水使用和景观灌溉应用的屋顶径流水提供基于感染概率和疾病负担的微生物处理目标。
