Spicer Leon J, Maylem Excel Rio S, Schütz Luis Fernando
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
Philippine Carabao Center, National Headquarters and Gene Pool, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines.
Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2025 Apr;91:106919. doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106919. Epub 2025 Jan 23.
Ovarian granulosa cells produce a variety of biologically active compounds in addition to steroid hormones that include numerous families of growth factors, cytokines and adipokines. Many of these function as endocrine, paracrine and autocrine hormones to regulate ovarian activity. The goal of this review is to provide an update on the evidence in domestic animals on how FSH, insulin and IGF1 regulate the function of granulosa cells with a focus on ovarian steroidogenesis and cell proliferation with comparisons across six domestic animals: pigs, cattle, horses, water buffalo, goats and sheep. In most species, FSH was not a mitogenic stimulus to granulosa cells whereas insulin and IGF1 were stimulatory to cell proliferation in the species it was evaluated. FSH, insulin and IGF1 were all stimulatory to granulosa cell steroidogenesis in the species it was studied. More research is needed to evaluate the role of insulin in the regulation of cell proliferation and steroidogenesis in water buffalo and goats. The role of IGF1 in regulating granulosa cell function in horses also needs further study. Most granulosa-cell secreted factors have direct effects (either positive or negative) on FSH-, insulin- and IGF1-induced steroid production in ovarian cells, but how they all work together to create a cumulative effect to regulate fertility will require further research.
卵巢颗粒细胞除了产生类固醇激素外，还能分泌多种生物活性化合物，其中包括众多生长因子、细胞因子和脂肪因子家族。这些物质中的许多作为内分泌、旁分泌和自分泌激素发挥作用，调节卵巢活动。本综述的目的是更新关于家畜中促卵泡激素（FSH）、胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF1）如何调节颗粒细胞功能的证据，重点关注卵巢类固醇生成和细胞增殖，并对猪、牛、马、水牛、山羊和绵羊六种家畜进行比较。在大多数物种中，FSH对颗粒细胞不是有丝分裂刺激因子，而胰岛素和IGF1在所评估的物种中对细胞增殖具有刺激作用。在研究的物种中，FSH、胰岛素和IGF1均对颗粒细胞类固醇生成具有刺激作用。需要更多研究来评估胰岛素在水牛和山羊细胞增殖及类固醇生成调节中的作用。IGF1在调节马颗粒细胞功能中的作用也需要进一步研究。大多数颗粒细胞分泌因子对卵巢细胞中FSH、胰岛素和IGF1诱导的类固醇生成具有直接影响（正向或负向），但它们如何共同作用产生累积效应来调节生育能力仍需进一步研究。
