Navarro Elisa, Montesinos Jorge
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Neurochemistry Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Contact (Thousand Oaks). 2025 Jan 29;8:25152564241312807. doi: 10.1177/25152564241312807. eCollection 2025 Jan-Dec.
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by monitoring and responding to environmental changes through processes such as phagocytosis, cytokine production or synapse remodeling. Their dynamic nature and diverse functions are supported by the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways, enabling microglia to efficiently adapt to fluctuating signals. A key aspect of this regulation occurs at mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAM), specialized contact sites between the ER and mitochondria. These structures facilitate the exchange of calcium, lipids, and metabolites and serve as metabolic and signaling hubs. This review synthesizes current research on how MAM influence microglial physiology, with an emphasis on their role in immunometabolism, offering new insights into the integration of metabolic and immune functions in the CNS and its impact in the context of neurodegeneration.
小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统（CNS）中的常驻免疫细胞，通过吞噬作用、细胞因子产生或突触重塑等过程监测和响应环境变化，在维持组织稳态中发挥关键作用。它们的动态特性和多样功能受到多种代谢途径的调节支持，使小胶质细胞能够有效适应波动的信号。这种调节的一个关键方面发生在线粒体相关内质网膜（MAM），即内质网和线粒体之间的特殊接触位点。这些结构促进钙、脂质和代谢物的交换，并作为代谢和信号枢纽。本综述综合了当前关于MAM如何影响小胶质细胞生理学的研究，重点关注其在免疫代谢中的作用，为中枢神经系统中代谢和免疫功能的整合及其在神经退行性变背景下的影响提供了新见解。
