Zhuang Mansi, Lv Xiaogang, Zhu Yanan, Zheng Nan, Zhan Yiqiang
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
Department of Health Education, Futian Institute of Health Education, Shenzhen, China.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 Jan 15;11:1499225. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1499225. eCollection 2024.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an escalating public health concern in the United States, linked with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Despite known risk factors like age, hypertension, and diabetes, comprehensive studies examining temporal trends in CKD prevalence are scarce. This study aims to analyze these trends using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
This cross-sectional study analyzed NHANES data spanning 20 years (1999-2018), including 55,081 adults aged 20 years and above. Key renal function indicators like estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) were assessed, and CKD stages were categorized accordingly.
A fluctuating trend in CKD prevalence was observed, with early CKD stages (G1-G3) increasing from 9.28% in 1999-2000 to 12.93% in 2017-2018. Advanced CKD stages (G4-G5) showed a slight increase in prevalence from 0.3% in 1999-2000 to 0.51% in 2017-2018. Notable disparities were observed across age groups, diabetes status, and racial categories. Relatively, the elderly, women, and non-Hispanic whites have a higher prevalence of CKD, while individuals with diabetes have a consistently higher prevalence of early CKD from 1999 to 2018. The increasing prevalence of diabetes during the study period highlights its significant role as a CKD risk factor.
The prevalence of CKD in the U.S. has been rising over the period 1999-2018, and varying across demographic groups, underscoring significant disparities and risk factors. These insights are crucial for healthcare planning, policy formulation, and targeted interventions for CKD management.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）在美国已成为一个日益严重的公共卫生问题，与高发病率、死亡率及医疗费用相关。尽管已知年龄、高血压和糖尿病等风险因素，但对CKD患病率时间趋势进行全面研究的却很匮乏。本研究旨在利用美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据来分析这些趋势。
这项横断面研究分析了20年（1999 - 2018年）期间的NHANES数据，包括55081名20岁及以上的成年人。评估了诸如估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）和白蛋白与肌酐比值（ACR）等关键肾功能指标，并据此对CKD分期进行分类。
观察到CKD患病率呈波动趋势，早期CKD阶段（G1 - G3）从1999 - 2000年的9.28%升至2017 - 2018年的12.93%。晚期CKD阶段（G4 - G5）患病率从1999 - 2000年的0.3%略有升至2017 - 2018年的0.51%。在年龄组、糖尿病状态和种族类别方面观察到显著差异。相对而言，老年人、女性和非西班牙裔白人的CKD患病率较高，而糖尿病患者在1999年至2018年期间早期CKD的患病率一直较高。研究期间糖尿病患病率的上升凸显了其作为CKD风险因素的重要作用。
1999 - 2018年期间美国CKD患病率一直在上升，且在不同人群中存在差异，突出了显著的差异和风险因素。这些见解对于医疗保健规划、政策制定以及针对CKD管理的靶向干预至关重要。
