Malik Jonaid Ahmad, Agrewala Javed N
Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India.
Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India.
J Neuroimmunol. 2025 Mar 15;400:578534. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578534. Epub 2025 Jan 23.
Morphine is a globally prevalent substance of misuse, renowned for its immunosuppressive effects mediated through opioid receptors expressed on immune cells. Macrophages are crucial antigen-presenting cells that fulfill diverse roles, such as antigen presentation, phagocytosis, wound healing, and disease protection. They are typically classified based on their activation states: M1 (proinflammatory), M2 (anti-inflammatory), and M0 (resting). Morphine significantly modulates immune responses and neuroinflammation, further complicating the landscape of opioid dependency and disease susceptibility. The association of macrophages under the influence of morphine needs to be understood under various diseased conditions. Several studies have been focused on investigating the impact of morphine on macrophage function and its implications in infectious diseases and brain-associated diseases. To light this subject, we have discussed recent advancements in understanding the influences between morphine, macrophage function, polarization, infection, brain tumors, and drug dependency. This article explores the complex relationship between morphine, macrophages, and related pathologies. Consequently, discussing deeper insights into these dynamics could guide effective treatments for substance abuse disorders.
吗啡是一种在全球普遍被滥用的物质，因其通过免疫细胞上表达的阿片受体介导的免疫抑制作用而闻名。巨噬细胞是关键的抗原呈递细胞，发挥着多种作用，如抗原呈递、吞噬作用、伤口愈合和疾病防护。它们通常根据其激活状态进行分类：M1（促炎）、M2（抗炎）和M0（静息）。吗啡显著调节免疫反应和神经炎症，进一步使阿片类药物依赖和疾病易感性的情况变得复杂。需要在各种疾病条件下理解吗啡影响下巨噬细胞的关联。几项研究一直专注于调查吗啡对巨噬细胞功能的影响及其在传染病和脑部相关疾病中的意义。为阐明这一主题，我们讨论了在理解吗啡、巨噬细胞功能、极化、感染、脑肿瘤和药物依赖之间的影响方面的最新进展。本文探讨了吗啡、巨噬细胞和相关病理之间的复杂关系。因此，深入讨论这些动态关系可为物质滥用障碍的有效治疗提供指导。
