Lima Fabiana da Silva, Santos Marina Quintas Dos, Makiyama Edson Naoto, Hoffmann Christian, Fock Ricardo Ambrósio
Department of Food Sciences and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2025 Apr;88:127604. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127604. Epub 2025 Jan 20.
Magnesium (Mg) is essential for life, and low levels impair immune function, promote chronic inflammation, and influence the intestinal microbiome, with the peritoneal cavity serving as a site for direct interaction between the cavity and intestinal contents, including the microbiota. This study investigates the effects of a Mg-restricted diet on peritoneal immune cells and its interplay with the intestinal microbiome. Male C57BL/6NTaq mice were divided into three groups: control, restricted, and restored. The control group received a diet containing 500 mg Mg/kg, the restricted group received a diet with 50 mg Mg/kg for four weeks, and the restored group first received the restricted diet for four weeks, followed by the control diet supplemented with 0.5 g MgCl₂ per liter of water for an additional four weeks. Results showed Mg restriction did not affect body weight, food intake, or water consumption but induced hypomagnesemia, reversible upon dietary restoration. Mg deficiency increased in neutrophils numbers in the blood and peritoneal cavity, indicating an inflammatory response. Gene expression analysis in peritoneal mononuclear cells revealed elevated levels of Nfkb, Stat1 and Stat3, suggesting heightened inflammatory signaling. Additionally, cytokine expression analysis showed increased levels of Tnfa, Il1b and Il10, but not Il6, in Mg-restricted group. The intestinal microbiome of Mg-restricted mice exhibited increased alpha diversity, with changes in taxa abundance, including an increase in Romboutsia ilealis and a decrease in the Oscillospiraceae and Lachnospiraceae. Mg deficiency significantly affects some immune functions and gut microbiota, highlighting the importance of Mg² in maintaining the gut health.
镁（Mg）对生命至关重要，低镁水平会损害免疫功能、促进慢性炎症并影响肠道微生物群，腹膜腔是腹腔与肠道内容物（包括微生物群）直接相互作用的部位。本研究调查了低镁饮食对腹膜免疫细胞的影响及其与肠道微生物群的相互作用。雄性C57BL/6NTaq小鼠分为三组：对照组、限制组和恢复组。对照组接受含500mg Mg/kg的饮食，限制组接受含50mg Mg/kg的饮食四周，恢复组首先接受四周的限制饮食，然后接受每升水补充0.5g MgCl₂的对照饮食，持续四周。结果表明，镁限制不影响体重、食物摄入量或饮水量，但会导致低镁血症，饮食恢复后可逆转。镁缺乏会增加血液和腹膜腔中中性粒细胞的数量，表明存在炎症反应。腹膜单核细胞的基因表达分析显示Nfkb、Stat1和Stat3水平升高，提示炎症信号增强。此外，细胞因子表达分析显示，低镁组中Tnfa、Il1b和Il10水平升高，但Il6水平未升高。低镁饮食小鼠的肠道微生物群表现出α多样性增加，分类群丰度发生变化，包括回肠罗氏菌增加，颤螺菌科和毛螺菌科减少。镁缺乏显著影响一些免疫功能和肠道微生物群，突出了Mg²⁺在维持肠道健康中的重要性。
