Cengiz Eda, Danne Thomas, Ahmad Tariq, Ayyavoo Ahila, Beran David, Codner Ethel, Ehtisham Sarah, Jarosz-Chobot Przemyslawa, Mungai Lucy N W, Ng Sze May, Paterson Megan, Priyambada Leena
University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Pediatric Diabetes Program, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.
Breakthrough T1D (formerly JDRF), New York, New York, USA.
Horm Res Paediatr. 2024;97(6):584-614. doi: 10.1159/000543169. Epub 2025 Jan 30.
The International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) guidelines represent a rich repository that serves as the only comprehensive set of clinical recommendations for children, adolescents, and young adults living with diabetes worldwide. This chapter builds on the 2022 ISPAD guidelines, and updates recommendations on the principles of intensive insulin regimens, including more intensive forms of multiple daily injections with new-generation faster-acting and ultra-long-acting insulins; a summary of adjunctive medications used alongside insulin treatment that includes details on pramlintide, metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors; and key considerations with regard to access to insulin and affordability to ensure that all persons with diabetes who need insulin can obtain it without financial hardship.
国际儿童和青少年糖尿病协会（ISPAD）指南是一个丰富的知识库，是全球范围内针对患有糖尿病的儿童、青少年和青年的唯一一套全面的临床建议。本章以2022年ISPAD指南为基础，更新了关于强化胰岛素治疗方案原则的建议，包括使用新一代速效和超长效胰岛素进行更强化形式的每日多次注射；总结了与胰岛素治疗同时使用的辅助药物，包括普兰林肽、二甲双胍、胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）受体激动剂（GLP-1RA）和钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白抑制剂的详细信息；以及关于胰岛素获取和可负担性的关键考虑因素，以确保所有需要胰岛素的糖尿病患者都能在没有经济困难的情况下获得胰岛素。
