S Bhavanisha Rithiga, Dhar Rajib, Devi Arikketh
Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, TamilNadu 603203, India.
Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, TamilNadu 603203, India.
Gene. 2025 Apr 10;944:149296. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2025.149296. Epub 2025 Jan 28.
Cancer is considered the second most common disease globally. In the past few decades, many approaches have been proposed for cancer treatment. One among those is targeted therapy using CRISPR/Cas system which plays a significant role in translational research through gene editing. However, due to its inability to cope with specific targeting, off-target effects, and limited tumor penetration, it is very challenging to use this approach in cancer studies. To increase its efficacy, CRISPR components are engineered into the extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes (a subpopulation of EVs). Exosomes have a significant role in cellular communication. Exosomes-based CRISPR/Cas system transport for gene editing enhances specificity, reduces off-target effects, and improves the therapeutic potential. This review highlights the role of exosomes and the CRISPR/Cas system in cancer research, exosomes-based CRISPR delivery for cancer treatment, and its future orientation.
癌症被认为是全球第二大常见疾病。在过去几十年里，人们提出了许多癌症治疗方法。其中之一是使用CRISPR/Cas系统的靶向治疗，该系统通过基因编辑在转化研究中发挥着重要作用。然而，由于其无法应对特异性靶向、脱靶效应和有限的肿瘤穿透性，在癌症研究中使用这种方法极具挑战性。为了提高其疗效，CRISPR组件被设计到细胞外囊泡（EVs）中，尤其是外泌体（EVs的一个亚群）。外泌体在细胞通讯中起着重要作用。基于外泌体的CRISPR/Cas系统用于基因编辑可提高特异性、减少脱靶效应并改善治疗潜力。本综述重点介绍了外泌体和CRISPR/Cas系统在癌症研究中的作用、基于外泌体的CRISPR用于癌症治疗的递送及其未来发展方向。
