肾脏免疫学：从病理生理学到临床转化

Kidney immunology from pathophysiology to clinical translation.

作者信息

Kurts Christian, von Vietinghoff Sibylle, Krebs Christian F, Panzer Ulf

机构信息

Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

出版信息

Nat Rev Immunol. 2025 Jan 30. doi: 10.1038/s41577-025-01131-y.

DOI:10.1038/s41577-025-01131-y

PMID:39885266

Abstract

Kidney diseases are widespread and represent a considerable medical, social and economic burden. However, there has been marked progress in understanding the immunological aspects of kidney disease. This includes the identification of distinct intrarenal immunological niches and characterization of kidney disease endotypes according to the underlying molecular immunopathology, as well as a better understanding of the pathological roles for T cells, mononuclear phagocytes and B cells and the renal elements they target. These insights have improved the diagnosis of kidney disease. Here, we discuss new developments in our understanding of kidney immunology, focusing on immune mechanisms of disease and their translational implications for the diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease. We also describe the immune-mediated crosstalk between the kidney and other organs that influences kidney disease and extrarenal inflammation.

摘要

肾脏疾病广泛存在，构成了相当大的医学、社会和经济负担。然而，在理解肾脏疾病的免疫学方面已经取得了显著进展。这包括识别肾脏内不同的免疫微环境，根据潜在的分子免疫病理学对肾脏疾病内型进行特征描述，以及更好地理解T细胞、单核吞噬细胞和B细胞及其靶向的肾脏成分的病理作用。这些见解改善了肾脏疾病的诊断。在此，我们讨论在肾脏免疫学理解方面的新进展，重点关注疾病的免疫机制及其对肾脏疾病诊断和治疗的转化意义。我们还描述了影响肾脏疾病和肾外炎症的肾脏与其他器官之间的免疫介导的相互作用。