Tischler-Strasser Viktoria, Burdiladze Irma, Cabral Goncalo, Ekizoglu Esme, Grodzka Olga, Pardo Keshet, Sochan Patryk, Zaunandra Laura, MaassenVanDenBrink Antoinette, Lampl Christian
Department of Neurology, Koventhospital Barmherzige Brüder, Linz, Austria.
Headache Medical Center Linz, Seilerstätte 2, Linz, Austria.
J Headache Pain. 2025 Jan 30;26(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s10194-025-01954-z.
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs are widely used and are among the most significant achievements of modern pharmacology. Their primary purpose is treating and preventing gastric acid-related disorders. Migraine and PPI intake are prevalent, and many people are affected by both. In the last few years, a potential link between PPI intake and the development of headaches-especially migraine-has come to increased attention. In this review, we critically examine the scientific data concerning the co-occurrence of these two entities.
There seems to be a possible link between the use of PPIs and the occurrence of headache, especially migraine, suggesting a pathophysiological connection on several levels. Moreover, PPI use is only partially without side effects, even if these may not occur immediately. Whether the relation is causative or merely co-existential is currently not yet clear. The influence of genetics, environment, gut microbiome, medication intake and evolution of headache is multidirectional.
A relation between the prevalence of migraine and the use of PPIs on a population and personal level seems likely. Although PPIs have many advantages, they should be prescribed with caution, especially in patients who suffer from headaches and migraine. In this narrative review, we aim to critically evaluate existing data and offer a potential approach to accurately identify any connections and interactions, leading to a better understanding of how these conditions may influence each other.
质子泵抑制剂（PPI）药物被广泛使用，是现代药理学最重要的成果之一。其主要目的是治疗和预防与胃酸相关的疾病。偏头痛和PPI的使用都很普遍，许多人同时受这两种情况影响。在过去几年中，PPI的使用与头痛尤其是偏头痛的发生之间的潜在联系受到了越来越多的关注。在本综述中，我们批判性地审视了有关这两种情况同时出现的科学数据。
PPI的使用与头痛尤其是偏头痛的发生之间似乎存在可能的联系，这表明在多个层面上存在病理生理联系。此外，即使PPI的副作用可能不会立即出现，其使用也并非完全没有副作用。目前尚不清楚这种关系是因果关系还是仅仅是共存关系。遗传、环境、肠道微生物群、药物摄入和头痛的演变之间的影响是多方向的。
在人群和个体层面上，偏头痛的患病率与PPI的使用之间似乎存在关联。尽管PPI有许多优点，但在开药时应谨慎，尤其是对于患有头痛和偏头痛的患者。在本叙述性综述中，我们旨在批判性地评估现有数据，并提供一种潜在的方法来准确识别任何联系和相互作用，从而更好地理解这些情况可能如何相互影响。
