Yang Jianhui, Strodl Esben, Zhang Dandan, Jiang Haibo, Chu Kun, Tan Shiwen, Ye Zehao, Shi Hongbo, Tong Feng, Chen Weiqing
Ningbo Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 1166 Fanjiang'an Road, Haishu District, Ningbo City, 315016, Zhejiang Province, PRC, China.
School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Jan 30;25(1):386. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-21400-8.
There are mixed findings in the literature regarding the association between HIV status and the risk of COVID-19 infection. Thus, we aimed to estimate the association between characteristics of HIV infection and the risk of COVID-19 Infection in a Chinese sample.
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1995 people living with HIV (PLWH) and 3503 HIV-negative adults in Ningbo, China. We compared the prevalence rates of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and the long nucleic acid conversion time (more than 2 weeks) among PLWH and HIV-negative participants, respectively. In addition, we explored the risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and the long nucleic acid conversion time among the two groups.
Overall, 1485/1995 (74.4%) PLWH and 2864/3503 (81.8%) HIV-negative people were infected with SARS-CoV-2. Among the SARS-CoV-2-infected participants, 437/1485 (29.4%) PLWH and 649/2864 (22.7%) HIV-negative people had the long nucleic acid conversion time. After controlling for the potential confounders, the rate of the SARS-CoV-2 infection was lower among the PLWH than the HIV-negative group (adjusted OR = 0.836, 95% CI = 0.706-0.990). However, PLWH had a significantly higher risk of the long nucleic acid conversion time after the SARS-CoV-2 infection (adjusted OR = 1.417, 95% CI = 1.176-1.707) than the HIV negative participants. Compared with those who did not receive ART, PLWH adults who received ART significantly had the increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, HIV-negative participants receiving COVID-19 vaccines significantly displayed the decreased likelihood of the long nucleic acid conversion time after the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Our study indicates that different HIV Infection status was significantly and differently associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection and the long nucleic acid conversion time. However, the further studies are needed to confirm the effect of ART and COVID-19 vaccines on SARS-CoV-2 infection in PLWH.
关于艾滋病毒感染状况与新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）感染风险之间的关联，文献中的研究结果不一。因此，我们旨在评估中国样本中艾滋病毒感染特征与COVID-19感染风险之间的关联。
我们对中国宁波的1995名艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）和3503名艾滋病毒阴性成年人进行了横断面调查。我们分别比较了PLWH和艾滋病毒阴性参与者中严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染的患病率以及长核酸转换时间（超过2周）。此外，我们探讨了两组中与SARS-CoV-2感染和长核酸转换时间相关的危险因素。
总体而言，1485/1995（74.4%）的PLWH和2864/3503（81.8%）的艾滋病毒阴性者感染了SARS-CoV-2。在感染SARS-CoV-2的参与者中，437/1485（29.4%）的PLWH和649/2864（22.7%）的艾滋病毒阴性者有长核酸转换时间。在控制潜在混杂因素后，PLWH中SARS-CoV-2感染率低于艾滋病毒阴性组（调整后的比值比[OR]=0.836，95%置信区间[CI]=0.706-0.990）。然而，与艾滋病毒阴性参与者相比，PLWH在感染SARS-CoV-2后出现长核酸转换时间的风险显著更高（调整后的OR=1.417，95%CI=1.176-1.707）。与未接受抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）的人相比，接受ART的PLWH成年人感染SARS-CoV-2的风险显著增加。此外，接种COVID-19疫苗的艾滋病毒阴性参与者在感染SARS-CoV-2后出现长核酸转换时间的可能性显著降低。
我们的研究表明，不同的艾滋病毒感染状况与SARS-CoV-2感染和长核酸转换时间存在显著且不同的关联。然而，需要进一步研究来证实ART和COVID-19疫苗对PLWH中SARS-CoV-2感染的影响。
