Koehne Niklas H, Locke Auston R, Yendluri Avanish, Parsons Bradford O, Waterman Brian R, Alaia Michael J, Frank Rachel M, Parisien Robert L
Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Orthop J Sports Med. 2025 Jan 30;13(1):23259671241305396. doi: 10.1177/23259671241305396. eCollection 2025 Jan.
Mountain biking (MTB) is a quickly growing sport, with many athletes sustaining high-impact injuries. Current literature has not analyzed the most recent MTB-related national emergency department (ED) injury data.
It was hypothesized that (1) the total number of injuries presenting to US EDs would significantly increase over the study period, (2) male patients would experience higher rates of shoulder injuries and airborne injury mechanisms than female patients, and (3) youths would present more frequently with injuries of the head and face than adults.
Descriptive epidemiology study.
All data were extracted from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), a public database representing approximately 100 US EDs. The NEISS was queried for MTB-related injuries between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2022.
A total of 2543 MTB-related cases presented to US EDs between 2013 and 2022, which extrapolated to a national estimate (NE) of 109,558 injuries using NEISS sample weights. MTB-related injuries increased significantly between 2013 and 2022 ( = .009), including a 64% increase between 2019 and 2020. The most common injury mechanism was falling off the bike (62.6%; NE = 68,536), and the upper extremity was the most frequently injured body region (22.4%; NE = 24,511). Male patients presented with significantly more shoulder (21.1% vs 7.4%, respectively; < .001) and trunk (21.4% vs 19.8%, respectively; < .001) injuries than female patients as well as more airborne injury mechanisms (15.7% vs 10.8%, respectively; < .001). Female patients sustained significantly more concussions (7.2% vs 3.5%, respectively; < .001) than male patients. Children presented with higher rates of head/face injuries (34.1%), concussions (6.0%), and airborne mechanisms of injury (19.4%) than any other age group.
MTB injuries increased significantly between 2013 and 2022 likely because of the popularity of outdoor sports during COVID-19. The upper extremity was the most frequently injured body region, and falling off the bike was the most common mechanism. Leading injuries and mechanisms varied significantly by sex and age. This study recommends additional MTB safety measures such as shoulder support for male riders, better coaching on front brake control for youth riders, and an increased emphasis on concussion protocols for female riders.
山地自行车运动（MTB）是一项快速发展的运动，许多运动员遭受高冲击力损伤。目前的文献尚未分析最新的与山地自行车运动相关的国家急诊科（ED）损伤数据。
假设（1）在研究期间，前往美国急诊科就诊的损伤总数将显著增加；（2）男性患者肩部损伤和空中损伤机制的发生率高于女性患者；（3）青少年头部和面部受伤的频率高于成年人。
描述性流行病学研究。
所有数据均从国家电子损伤监测系统（NEISS）中提取，该公共数据库代表了约100家美国急诊科。查询NEISS中2013年1月1日至2022年12月31日期间与山地自行车运动相关的损伤情况。
2013年至2022年期间，共有2543例与山地自行车运动相关的病例前往美国急诊科就诊，使用NEISS样本权重推算出全国估计（NE）有109558例损伤。2013年至2022年期间，与山地自行车运动相关的损伤显著增加（P = 0.009），包括2019年至2020年期间增加了64%。最常见的损伤机制是从自行车上跌落（62.6%；NE = 68536），上肢是最常受伤的身体部位（22.4%；NE = 24511）。男性患者肩部损伤（分别为21.1%和7.4%；P < 0.001）和躯干损伤（分别为21.4%和19.8%；P < 0.001）的发生率显著高于女性患者，空中损伤机制的发生率也更高（分别为15.7%和10.8%；P < 0.001）。女性患者脑震荡的发生率显著高于男性患者（分别为7.2%和3.5%；P < 0.001）。儿童头部/面部损伤（34.1%）、脑震荡（6.0%）和空中损伤机制（19.4%）的发生率高于其他任何年龄组。
2013年至2022年期间，山地自行车运动损伤显著增加，可能是由于新冠疫情期间户外运动的普及。上肢是最常受伤的身体部位，从自行车上跌落是最常见的机制。主要损伤和机制因性别和年龄而异。本研究建议采取额外的山地自行车安全措施，如为男性骑手提供肩部支撑，为青少年骑手提供更好的前刹车控制指导，以及更加重视女性骑手的脑震荡处理方案。
