Kaur Sharanpreet, Canals-Sans Josefa, Morales-Hidalgo Paula, Alda José A, Arija Victoria
Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
Department of Psychology, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
J Atten Disord. 2025 Apr;29(6):423-436. doi: 10.1177/10870547251315276. Epub 2025 Jan 31.
Exposure to heavy metals has been associated with affecting children's neurodevelopment, particularly increasing the risk of developing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current exploratory study aims to investigate potential associations between presence of 15 different heavy metals in urine and ADHD. A total of 190 urine samples of participants from clinical and non-clinical population (non-ADHD = 66; ADHD = 124) aged between 6 and 15 years from Barcelona and Tarragona (Spain) were analysed. Logistic regressions adjusted by sex, age, SES, BMI and diet quality were performed. Highest quartiles (3rd and 4th) of Pb (lead) (aOR 5.33; CI [1.89, 14.98]), Cd (cadmium) (aOR 3.69, CI [1.38, 9.83]), Cu (copper) (aOR 16.46, CI [4.66, 58.14]) and Sb (antimony) (aOR 3.04, CI [1.12, 8.23]) were significantly associated with increased odds of ADHD DSM-5 diagnosis. Additionally, Cu and Cd were associated with higher scores of inattention symptoms. Whereas, Cu and Sb were associated with hyperactivity-impulsivity severity. This exploratory study provides preliminary valuable evidence, suggesting potential associations between environmental factors, such as metal exposure, with ADHD in school-aged children. These findings highlight the importance of further research to support these associations and, if confirmed, explore strategies to mitigate the potential impacts of these toxicants on children's health.
接触重金属与影响儿童神经发育有关，尤其是增加患注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的风险。当前的探索性研究旨在调查尿液中15种不同重金属的存在与ADHD之间的潜在关联。对来自西班牙巴塞罗那和塔拉戈纳的190名6至15岁临床和非临床人群（非ADHD = 66；ADHD = 124）的参与者的尿液样本进行了分析。进行了按性别、年龄、社会经济地位、体重指数和饮食质量调整的逻辑回归分析。铅（Pb）（调整后比值比[aOR] 5.33；可信区间[CI] [1.89, 14.98]）、镉（Cd）（aOR 3.69，CI [1.38, 9.83]）、铜（Cu）（aOR 16.46，CI [4.66, 58.14]）和锑（Sb）（aOR 3.04，CI [1.12, 8.23]）的最高四分位数（第3和第4四分位数）与ADHD DSM-5诊断几率增加显著相关。此外，铜和镉与注意力不集中症状得分较高有关。而铜和锑与多动冲动严重程度有关。这项探索性研究提供了初步的有价值证据，表明金属暴露等环境因素与学龄儿童ADHD之间存在潜在关联。这些发现凸显了进一步研究以支持这些关联的重要性，如果得到证实，则探索减轻这些有毒物质对儿童健康潜在影响的策略。
