Wang Chuanguang, Guo Ruonan, Guo Changsheng, Yin Hailong, Xu Jian
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2025 Feb 19;27(2):320-354. doi: 10.1039/d4em00669k.
Continuous consumption combined with incomplete removal during wastewater treatment means residues of psychotropic drugs (PDs), including antidepressants, antipsychotics, antiepileptics and illicit drugs, are continuously entering the aquatic environment, where they have the potential to affect non-target organisms. Photochemical transformation is an important aspect to consider when evaluating the environmental persistence of PDs, particularly for those present in sunlit surface waters. This review summarizes the latest research on the photodegradation of typical PDs under environmentally relevant conditions. According to the analysis results, four classes of PDs discussed in this paper are influenced by direct and indirect photolysis. Indirect photodegradation has been more extensively studied for antidepressants and antiepileptics compared to antipsychotics and illicit drugs. Particularly, the photosensitization process of dissolved organic materials (DOM) in natural waters has received significant research attention due to its ubiquity and specificity. The direct photolysis pathway plays a less significant role, but it is still relevant for most PDs discussed in this paper. The photodegradation rates and pathways of PDs are influenced by various water constituents and parameters such as DOM, nitrate and pH value. The contradictory results reported in some studies can be attributed to differences in experimental conditions. Based on this analysis of the existing literature, the review also identifies several key aspects that warrant further research on PD photodegradation. These results and recommendations contribute to a better understanding of the environmental role of water matrixes and provide important new insights into the photochemical fate of PDs in aquatic environments.
持续消费以及废水处理过程中不完全去除意味着精神药物（PDs）的残留物，包括抗抑郁药、抗精神病药、抗癫痫药和非法药物，正在不断进入水生环境，在那里它们有可能影响非目标生物。光化学转化是评估精神药物环境持久性时需要考虑的一个重要方面，特别是对于那些存在于阳光照射的地表水的药物。这篇综述总结了在环境相关条件下典型精神药物光降解的最新研究。根据分析结果，本文讨论的四类精神药物受到直接和间接光解的影响。与抗精神病药和非法药物相比，抗抑郁药和抗癫痫药的间接光降解研究更为广泛。特别是，天然水中溶解有机物质（DOM）的光敏化过程因其普遍性和特殊性而受到了大量研究关注。直接光解途径的作用较小，但对本文讨论的大多数精神药物仍然相关。精神药物的光降解速率和途径受到各种水体成分和参数的影响，如DOM、硝酸盐和pH值。一些研究中报道的相互矛盾的结果可归因于实验条件的差异。基于对现有文献的这一分析，该综述还确定了几个需要对精神药物光降解进行进一步研究的关键方面。这些结果和建议有助于更好地理解水基质的环境作用，并为精神药物在水生环境中的光化学归宿提供重要的新见解。
