Miller Kathleen B, Moir M Erin, Fico Brandon G
Department of Health and Exercise Science, Morrison Family College of Health, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Exp Physiol. 2025 Jan 30. doi: 10.1113/EP092170.
This narrative review highlights the impact of exercise on vascular health in females over the lifespan with an emphasis on puberty, pregnancy and menopause. These events encompass substantial changes in sex hormone levels, particularly oestrogens and progesterone. They are also accompanied by distinct adaptations of the central, peripheral and cerebral vasculature. Regular exercise is an effective mechanism to reduce vascular risk in females of all ages, especially for those at higher risk for vascular disorders. However, there are large variabilities in the vascular adaptations to exercise in females that may be related to circulating sex hormone levels. In addition, exogenous hormones, such as oral contraceptives taken after puberty or hormonal replacement therapy taken to mitigate symptoms of menopause, may interact with exercise-induced changes in vascular function. We highlight how more research is needed to understand the optimal exercise interventions to promote vascular health in females across the lifespan, especially during times of hormonal transition.
这篇叙述性综述强调了运动对女性一生中血管健康的影响，重点关注青春期、孕期和更年期。这些时期包含性激素水平的显著变化，尤其是雌激素和孕激素。它们还伴随着中枢、外周和脑血管系统的独特适应性变化。规律运动是降低各年龄段女性血管风险的有效机制，尤其是对于那些血管疾病风险较高的女性。然而，女性对运动的血管适应性存在很大差异，这可能与循环性激素水平有关。此外，外源性激素，如青春期后服用的口服避孕药或用于缓解更年期症状的激素替代疗法，可能会与运动引起的血管功能变化相互作用。我们强调，需要更多研究来了解促进女性一生血管健康的最佳运动干预措施，尤其是在激素转变时期。
