Sohrabi Keysan, Mohammadzadeh Ibrahim, Kiaeipour Siahkal Seyedeh Mah Sa, Ebrahimi Mohammad Javad, Moafi Maral, Adimi Negin, Dolatshahi Sina, Beirami Amirreza, Hasanzadeh Maral, Joudaki Alireza, Taherpouran Soheil, Parvardeh Siavash, Meftahi Gholam Hossein, Sabbaghalvani Mohammadamin, Roustaee Susan, Khanjari Ghazal, Hemmatparast Haleh, Sani Mojtaba, Moghaddam Meysam Hassani, Aliaghaei Abbas
School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Tissue Cell. 2025 Apr;93:102757. doi: 10.1016/j.tice.2025.102757. Epub 2025 Jan 27.
Pain relievers such as tramadol are among the most commonly prescribed around the world. However, Long-term tramadol use has been shown to cause neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment, which has limited its clinical use. Elderberry (EB), a plant extract widely recognized for its medicinal properties, is used in this study to investigate the effects of a plant-based diet on tramadol's adverse effects in the hippocampus region. The effects of EB oral diet on the devastating effects of tramadol on the hippocampus structure and function of 36 male albino rats were evaluated using behavioral, electrophysiological, and histological setups. Three groups (Control, Tramadol, and Tramadol+EB) were examined using behavioral, electrophysiological, and histological setups. The behavioral findings showed that the EB diet could improve most of the memory-related indices in Tramadol+EB compared to the Tramadol group. Regarding the fEPSP slope and population spike amplitude, these electrophysiological parameters returned to control levels in the Tramadol+EB group. Additionally, a decrease in caspase-3 expression was observed in hippocampal cells. While there was a reduction in astrogliosis in the Tramadol+EB group compared to the Tramadol group, no significant differences were noted in the morphological variations of astrocytes between the groups. In conclusion, although further studies are necessary to elucidate other aspects of EB's effects on the brain, it may be considered a potential neuroprotective agent in acute to sub-chronic tramadol exposure.
曲马多等止痛药是全球最常被处方的药物之一。然而，长期使用曲马多已被证明会导致神经毒性、神经炎症和认知障碍，这限制了其临床应用。接骨木（EB）是一种因其药用特性而被广泛认可的植物提取物，本研究使用它来探究植物性饮食对曲马多在海马体区域不良反应的影响。采用行为学、电生理学和组织学方法，评估了EB口服饮食对36只雄性白化大鼠曲马多所致海马体结构和功能破坏作用的影响。使用行为学、电生理学和组织学方法对三组（对照组、曲马多组和曲马多+EB组）进行了检测。行为学研究结果表明，与曲马多组相比，EB饮食可改善曲马多+EB组中大多数与记忆相关的指标。关于场兴奋性突触后电位（fEPSP）斜率和群体峰电位幅度，这些电生理参数在曲马多+EB组恢复到了对照水平。此外，在海马体细胞中观察到半胱天冬酶-3表达降低。虽然与曲马多组相比，曲马多+EB组的星形胶质细胞增生有所减少，但两组之间星形胶质细胞的形态变化没有显著差异。总之，尽管需要进一步研究以阐明EB对大脑影响的其他方面，但在急性至亚慢性曲马多暴露中，它可能被视为一种潜在的神经保护剂。
