Cortés Ivania, Ceric Francisco, Navarrete Hellen, Rodríguez-Díaz Maité, Otero María Carolina
Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
Laboratorio de Neurociencia Afectiva, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2025 Mar 1;750:151328. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.151328. Epub 2025 Jan 13.
This review examines Aymara traditional medicine, which is deeply rooted in cultural perceptions of health and disease, and its utilization of medicinal plants rich in secondary metabolites-such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins-to support immune function, emphasizing the synergy between ancestral knowledge and modern scientific research. Adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, this review incorporates empirical studies from 2013 to 2024 on secondary metabolites and Aymara medicine, with a focus on the immunomodulatory effects of plants, while excluding non-indexed or irrelevant studies. Potential limitations include publication bias and reliance on secondary data. Three key plant genera-Azorella, Centaurium, and Amaranthus-were identified for their traditional medicinal uses, highlighting their pharmacological benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective effects. Specifically, xanthones, a class of secondary metabolites found in Centaurium, exhibit notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, and cardioprotective properties, which support their traditional use in treating hypertension and related ailments. Centaurium spp. is characterized by its bioactive compounds (secoiridoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and xanthones), offering valuable immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, digestive, and antimicrobial properties recognized in both scientific and traditional Aymara medicine for treating diseases and maintaining physical and spiritual balance. Overall, the study of secondary metabolites in Andean medicinal plants like Azorella, Centaurium, and Amaranthus underscores their diverse bioactive compounds with pharmacological properties, highlighting the Aymara community's integration of traditional and modern medicine through holistic practices that promote health, balance, and resilience against disease, while emphasizing the potential of these practices to enhance contemporary healthcare.
本综述考察了深深植根于健康与疾病文化认知的艾马拉传统医学，以及其对富含次生代谢产物（如黄酮类、生物碱和皂苷）的药用植物的利用，以支持免疫功能，强调了祖传知识与现代科学研究之间的协同作用。本综述遵循PRISMA 2020指南，纳入了2013年至2024年关于次生代谢产物和艾马拉医学的实证研究，重点关注植物的免疫调节作用，同时排除未编入索引或不相关的研究。潜在的局限性包括发表偏倚和对二手数据的依赖。确定了三个关键植物属——小垫状植物属、百金花属和苋属——因其传统药用用途，突出了它们的药理益处，如抗炎、抗氧化和保肝作用。具体而言，在百金花属中发现的一类次生代谢产物呫吨酮具有显著的抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤和心脏保护特性，这支持了它们在治疗高血压及相关疾病方面的传统用途。百金花属植物的特征在于其生物活性化合物（裂环烯醚萜类、黄酮类、酚酸类和呫吨酮类），具有宝贵的免疫调节、抗炎、消化和抗菌特性，在科学和传统艾马拉医学中都被认可用于治疗疾病以及维持身心平衡。总体而言，对小垫状植物属、百金花属和苋属等安第斯药用植物中次生代谢产物的研究强调了它们具有多种具有药理特性的生物活性化合物，突出了艾马拉社区通过促进健康、平衡和抵御疾病能力的整体实践将传统医学与现代医学相结合，同时强调了这些实践在加强当代医疗保健方面的潜力。
