Seker Sumeyye, Surucu Ozge, Economou Anastasios, Wang Joseph
Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Chemistry, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye.
Talanta. 2025 May 15;287:127654. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2025.127654. Epub 2025 Jan 27.
Considering the extremely high toxicity of lead (Pb), early detection of atmospheric Pb levels is paramount for the implementation of preventive measures, to contain sources of emission, to minimize both human and plant exposure and to prevent accumulation in the biosphere. This work demonstrates a wearable "on-plant" sensor for electrochemical Pb detection in atmospheric aerosol samples. The sensor is screen-printed onto a flexible self-adhesive vinyl-based matte substrate which enables its attachment on plant leaves. It features a bismuth/Nafion-coated carbon working electrode transducer covered with a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane which serves as a passive in-situ gas collection layer and as an electrolyte-containing matrix. The Pb collected at the interface between the sample in the gas phase and the acetate buffer solution (ABS) embedded within the PVA membrane is measured by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Different steps of the fabrication process were optimized and the detection of on plant leaves was demonstrated. Simulation experiments were conducted with a Pb-containing aerosol sprayed on the leaves to evaluate the effect of various operational parameters such as long-term stability, spraying time, accumulation time, or sensor/leaf bending. The "on-plant" sensor allows remote near real-time monitoring of Pb levels as low as 50 μg L in ambient air using a portable miniaturized potentiostat, and can be expanded to other target metals, forming the basis of an early warning system for atmospheric heavy metals exposure.
鉴于铅（Pb）具有极高的毒性，尽早检测大气中的铅含量对于实施预防措施、控制排放源、最大限度减少人类和植物接触以及防止在生物圈中积累至关重要。这项工作展示了一种用于检测大气气溶胶样品中铅的可穿戴式“植物上”电化学传感器。该传感器通过丝网印刷在柔性自粘乙烯基哑光基材上，使其能够附着在植物叶片上。它具有一个涂有铋/全氟磺酸离子交换膜的碳工作电极传感器，上面覆盖着一层聚乙烯醇（PVA）膜，该膜用作被动原位气体收集层和含电解质的基质。通过方波阳极溶出伏安法（SWASV）测量在气相样品与嵌入PVA膜中的醋酸盐缓冲溶液（ABS）之间的界面处收集到的铅。对制造过程的不同步骤进行了优化，并展示了在植物叶片上的检测效果。进行了模拟实验，向叶片上喷洒含铅气溶胶，以评估各种操作参数的影响，如长期稳定性、喷洒时间、积累时间或传感器/叶片弯曲情况。这种“植物上”传感器能够使用便携式小型恒电位仪对环境空气中低至50μg/L的铅水平进行远程近实时监测，并且可以扩展到其他目标金属，构成大气重金属暴露预警系统的基础。
