File Thomas M
Infectious Disease Division, Summa Health, 75 Arch Street, Suite 506, Akron, OH 44304, USA; Infectious Disease Section, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
Clin Chest Med. 2025 Mar;46(1):21-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2024.10.002. Epub 2024 Nov 29.
Immunocompromised patients are more susceptible to infections. Although they have reduced immune response to vaccines, it is still essential to prioritize immunizations as one strategy to potentially reduce the impact of pneumonia in this vulnerable population. Response to immunizations in immunocompromised patients can be enhanced by increasing the dose of vaccines (eg, influenza) or by increasing the number of doses (eg, coronavirus disease 2019). Prophylactic use of antimicrobials, control of risk factors (avoidance of smoking), and stabilization of underlying conditions (eg, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) can also have a beneficial effect to reduce the likelihood of pneumonia in the immunocompromised host.
免疫功能低下的患者更容易受到感染。尽管他们对疫苗的免疫反应有所降低，但将免疫接种作为一种潜在减轻这一脆弱人群肺炎影响的策略，仍然至关重要。通过增加疫苗剂量（如流感疫苗）或增加接种剂量次数（如2019冠状病毒病疫苗），可以增强免疫功能低下患者对免疫接种的反应。预防性使用抗菌药物、控制危险因素（避免吸烟）以及稳定基础疾病（如慢性阻塞性肺疾病），也有助于降低免疫功能低下宿主发生肺炎的可能性。
