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监测深海多金属结核开采引起的底栖羽状流、沉积物再沉积和海底印记。

Monitoring benthic plumes, sediment redeposition and seafloor imprints caused by deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining.

作者信息

Gazis Iason-Zois, de Stigter Henko, Mohrmann Jochen, Heger Karl, Diaz Melanie, Gillard Benjamin, Baeye Matthias, Veloso-Alarcón Mario E, Purkiani Kaveh, Haeckel Matthias, Vink Annemiek, Thomsen Laurenz, Greinert Jens

机构信息

GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands.

出版信息

Nat Commun. 2025 Jan 31;16(1):1229. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-56311-0.

DOI:10.1038/s41467-025-56311-0
PMID:39890797
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11785793/
Abstract

A deep-sea (4500 m) trial of a pre-prototype polymetallic nodule collector with independent scientific monitoring revealed that a gravity current formed behind the collector channeled through steeper seafloor sections and traveled 500 m downslope. The prevailing bottom currents dominated sediment dispersion up to the end of the monitoring area at 4.5 km distance. The maximum suspended particle concentration recorded 50 m from mining lanes was up to four orders of magnitude higher than ambient values but decreased rapidly with increasing time, distance, and altitude. Most of the plume remained close to the seafloor, with the highest concentrations at 1 m monitoring altitude and reaching background concentrations at 50 m. Rapid particle flocculation was followed by fast and substantial sediment redeposition. A mm-scale photogrammetric seafloor reconstruction allowed quantitative estimates of the thickness of redeposited sediment next to mining lanes of ≈ 3 cm and a minimum erosional depth of 5 cm.

摘要

对带有独立科学监测设备的多金属结核采集器预原型进行的4500米深海试验表明，采集器后方形成的重力流通过更陡峭的海底区域，并沿下坡方向流动了500米。在4.5千米距离的监测区域末端之前，盛行的底层流主导着沉积物的扩散。在距采矿巷道50米处记录到的最大悬浮颗粒浓度比环境值高出多达四个数量级，但随着时间、距离和高度的增加而迅速下降。大部分羽状流仍靠近海底，在1米监测高度处浓度最高，在50米处达到背景浓度。颗粒快速絮凝之后是快速且大量的沉积物再沉积。通过毫米级摄影测量对海底进行重建，能够对采矿巷道旁再沉积沉积物的厚度进行定量估计，约为3厘米，最小侵蚀深度为5厘米。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5509/11785793/3baa4ab697e5/41467_2025_56311_Fig10_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5509/11785793/7546d7755af6/41467_2025_56311_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5509/11785793/8c9ce52adb01/41467_2025_56311_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5509/11785793/c59b4bcfdc09/41467_2025_56311_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5509/11785793/e83fca4daf3f/41467_2025_56311_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5509/11785793/038e5e484d80/41467_2025_56311_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5509/11785793/833a39b82fcd/41467_2025_56311_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5509/11785793/061bcc1227d1/41467_2025_56311_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5509/11785793/a8cf5e237799/41467_2025_56311_Fig8_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5509/11785793/37829bf95fa3/41467_2025_56311_Fig9_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5509/11785793/3baa4ab697e5/41467_2025_56311_Fig10_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5509/11785793/7546d7755af6/41467_2025_56311_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5509/11785793/8c9ce52adb01/41467_2025_56311_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5509/11785793/c59b4bcfdc09/41467_2025_56311_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5509/11785793/e83fca4daf3f/41467_2025_56311_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5509/11785793/038e5e484d80/41467_2025_56311_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5509/11785793/833a39b82fcd/41467_2025_56311_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5509/11785793/061bcc1227d1/41467_2025_56311_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5509/11785793/a8cf5e237799/41467_2025_56311_Fig8_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5509/11785793/37829bf95fa3/41467_2025_56311_Fig9_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5509/11785793/3baa4ab697e5/41467_2025_56311_Fig10_HTML.jpg

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Experimental mining plumes and ocean warming trigger stress in a deep pelagic jellyfish.实验性采矿羽流和海洋变暖引发深海远洋水母的应激反应。
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