Smith T W, Eberhart R J, Spencer S B, Kesler E M, Hargrove G L, Wilson R W, Heald C W
J Dairy Sci. 1985 Feb;68(2):424-32. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(85)80840-7.
Effect of an automatic iodine (15 ppm) backflushing system on incidence of new intramammary infections, teatcup liner bacterial populations, and milk iodine was tested in a herd free of Streptococcus agalactiae and with a low prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus. In an 11-mo trial, backflushing was applied to teatcups that milked the right half of the udder; the left half served as control. Clawpieces were divided into left and right halves with each having a milk outlet. Postmilking teat dipping was discontinued. All lactating cows in the University herd were used, averaging 154 with normal attrition and additions of new individuals as they calved. Backflushing reduced numbers of staphylococci recovered from liners by 98.5% and Gram-negative bacteria by 99.5% as compared with unflushed liners. Backflushing significantly reduced new infections caused by Corynebacterium bovis. However, there was no effect on incidence of new infections by staphylococci, streptococci, or coliforms. Iodine concentrations averaged 243 micrograms per liter in milk from control quarters and 486 micrograms from backflushed udder halves. Interior surface cracking was more severe in backflushed teatcup liners than in control liners. These results do not justify the use of backflushing in a herd with low prevalence of contagious pathogens.
在一个无无乳链球菌且金黄色葡萄球菌患病率较低的牛群中，测试了自动碘（15 ppm）反冲洗系统对新的乳房内感染发生率、奶杯内衬细菌数量和牛奶碘含量的影响。在一项为期11个月的试验中，对挤右侧乳房的奶杯进行反冲洗；左侧乳房作为对照。奶爪分为左右两半，每半都有一个牛奶出口。挤奶后停止乳头药浴。使用了大学牛群中的所有泌乳奶牛，平均有154头，正常损耗并随着产犊添加新个体。与未反冲洗的内衬相比，反冲洗使从内衬中回收的葡萄球菌数量减少了98.5%，革兰氏阴性菌数量减少了99.5%。反冲洗显著降低了由牛棒状杆菌引起的新感染。然而，对葡萄球菌、链球菌或大肠菌群引起的新感染发生率没有影响。对照乳房的牛奶中碘浓度平均为每升243微克，反冲洗乳房半侧的牛奶中碘浓度为486微克。反冲洗的奶杯内衬内表面裂纹比对照内衬更严重。这些结果表明在传染性病原体患病率较低的牛群中使用反冲洗并不合理。
