Bery Anand K, Hale David E, Newman-Toker David E, Saber Tehrani Ali S
Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Visual & Vestibular Disorders, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Med Clin North Am. 2025 Mar;109(2):373-388. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2024.09.006. Epub 2024 Dec 31.
Dizziness and vertigo are common presenting symptoms in acute care settings. This article describes the most common causes of acute dizziness and vertigo with practical, evidence-based guidance on evaluation of these patients. A timing-and-triggers approach should be used to first characterize the patient's vestibular symptoms as continuous or episodic. If acute and continuous, determine whether symptoms are post-exposure or spontaneous. If episodic, determine whether symptoms are triggered or spontaneous. Classify the patient as having post-exposure acute vestibular syndrome (AVS), spontaneous AVS, triggered episodic vestibular syndrome (EVS), or spontaneous EVS.
头晕和眩晕是急症护理环境中常见的症状。本文介绍了急性头晕和眩晕的最常见病因，并提供了对这些患者进行评估的实用、循证指南。应采用时间和触发因素方法，首先将患者的前庭症状特征化为持续性或发作性。如果是急性且持续性的，确定症状是暴露后还是自发性的。如果是发作性的，确定症状是触发的还是自发性的。将患者分类为暴露后急性前庭综合征（AVS）、自发性AVS、触发发作性前庭综合征（EVS）或自发性EVS。
