The Past and Future of Sleep Medicine.

The past of sleep medicine is rich with seminal discoveries, from the recognition of clinical syndromes to measurement of sleep itself to classic and novel therapeutics. Advances in neurobiology have mapped a number of sleep circuits, described the central and peripheral circadian system, and identified the cause of narcolepsy with cataplexy. Sleep apnea endotypes and phenotypes now have established clinical relevance, though treatment implications are a work in progress. Artificial intelligence will continue to change sleep medicine in a number of domains from aiding scoring to health outcome predictions. There is a large gap between the known science and clinical translational.