Wen Zhuan, Song Zhang-Zhi, Cai Ming-Ze, Zhang Ni-Yuan, Li Hao-Ze, Yang Yang, Wang Qian-Ting, Ghafoor Muhammad Hamza, An Hong-Wei, Wang Hao
Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, China.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2025 Jan-Feb;17(1):e70005. doi: 10.1002/wnan.70005.
Cancer remains the leading cause of patient death worldwide and its incidence continues to rise. Immunotherapy is rapidly developing due to its significant differences in the mechanism of action from conventional radiotherapy and targeted antitumor drugs. In the past decades, many biomaterials have been designed and prepared to construct therapeutic platforms that modulate the immune system against cancer. Immunotherapeutic platforms utilizing biomaterials can markedly enhance therapeutic efficacy by optimizing the delivery of therapeutic agents, minimizing drug loss during circulation, and amplifying immunomodulatory effects. The intricate physiological barriers of tumors, coupled with adverse immune environments such as inadequate infiltration, off-target effects, and immunosuppression, have emerged as significant obstacles impeding the effectiveness of oncology drug therapy. However, most of the current studies are devoted to the development of complex immunomodulators that exert immunomodulatory functions by loading drugs or adjuvants, ignoring the complex physiological barriers and adverse immune environments of tumors. Compared with conventional biomaterials, biomimetic nanomaterials based on peptide in situ self-assembly with excellent functional characteristics of biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity have emerged as a novel and effective tool for cancer immunotherapy. This article presents a comprehensive review of the latest research findings on biomimetic nanomaterials based on peptide in situ self-assembly in tumor immunotherapy. Initially, we categorize the structural types of biomimetic peptide nanomaterials and elucidate their intrinsic driving forces. Subsequently, we delve into the in situ self-assembly strategies of these peptide biomimetic nanomaterials, highlighting their advantages in immunotherapy. Furthermore, we detail the applications of these biomimetic nanomaterials in antigen presentation and modulation of the immune microenvironment. In conclusion, we encapsulate the challenges and prospective developments of biomimetic nanomaterials based on peptide in situ self-assembly for clinical translation in immunotherapy.
癌症仍然是全球患者死亡的主要原因，其发病率持续上升。免疫疗法由于其作用机制与传统放疗和靶向抗肿瘤药物存在显著差异而迅速发展。在过去几十年中，人们设计并制备了许多生物材料来构建调节免疫系统对抗癌症的治疗平台。利用生物材料的免疫治疗平台可以通过优化治疗剂的递送、减少循环过程中的药物损失以及增强免疫调节作用来显著提高治疗效果。肿瘤复杂的生理屏障，加上不良的免疫环境，如浸润不足、脱靶效应和免疫抑制，已成为阻碍肿瘤药物治疗有效性的重大障碍。然而，目前大多数研究致力于开发通过负载药物或佐剂发挥免疫调节功能的复杂免疫调节剂，而忽略了肿瘤复杂的生理屏障和不良免疫环境。与传统生物材料相比，基于肽原位自组装的仿生纳米材料具有生物相容性、可生物降解性和生物活性等优异功能特性，已成为癌症免疫治疗的一种新型有效工具。本文全面综述了基于肽原位自组装的仿生纳米材料在肿瘤免疫治疗中的最新研究成果。首先，我们对仿生肽纳米材料的结构类型进行了分类，并阐明了其内在驱动力。随后，我们深入探讨了这些肽仿生纳米材料的原位自组装策略，突出了它们在免疫治疗中的优势。此外，我们详细介绍了这些仿生纳米材料在抗原呈递和免疫微环境调节中的应用。最后，我们总结了基于肽原位自组装的仿生纳米材料在免疫治疗临床转化中面临的挑战和未来发展前景。
