Pan Yan, Ying Xiaowei, Zhang Xueting, Jiang Hongting, Yan Junjie, Duan Shiwei
Department of Integrative Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang, Fuyang First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Noncoding RNA Res. 2024 Dec 30;11:200-208. doi: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.12.011. eCollection 2025 Apr.
tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), encompassing tRNA fragments (tRFs) and tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs), represent a category of non-coding small RNAs (sncRNAs) that are increasingly recognized for their diverse biological functions. These functions include gene silencing, ribosome biogenesis, retrotransposition, and epigenetics. tsRNAs have been identified as key players in the progression of various tumors, yet their specific roles in pancreatic cancer (PC) and acute pancreatitis (AP) remain largely unexplored. Pancreatic cancer, particularly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, is notorious for its high mortality rate and extremely low patient survival rate, primarily due to challenges in early diagnosis. Similarly, acute pancreatitis is a complex and significant disease. This article reviews the roles of 18 tsRNAs in PC and AP, focusing on their mechanisms of action and potential clinical applications in these two diseases. These tsRNAs influence the progression of pancreatic cancer and acute pancreatitis by modulating various pathways, including ZBP1/NLRP3, Hippo, PI3K/AKT, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and Wnt signaling. Notably, the dysregulation of tsRNAs is closely linked to critical clinical factors in pancreatic cancer and acute pancreatitis, such as lymph node metastasis, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). This article not only elucidates the mechanisms by which tsRNAs affect pancreatic cancer and acute pancreatitis but also explores their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer. The insights provided here offer valuable references for future research, highlighting the importance of tsRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of these challenging diseases.
转运RNA衍生的小RNA（tsRNAs），包括转运RNA片段（tRFs）和转运RNA衍生的应激诱导RNA（tiRNAs），是一类非编码小RNA（sncRNAs），其多样的生物学功能日益受到认可。这些功能包括基因沉默、核糖体生物发生、逆转录转座和表观遗传学。tsRNAs已被确定为各种肿瘤进展中的关键参与者，但其在胰腺癌（PC）和急性胰腺炎（AP）中的具体作用仍 largely unexplored。胰腺癌，尤其是胰腺导管腺癌，因其高死亡率和极低的患者生存率而臭名昭著，主要原因是早期诊断存在挑战。同样，急性胰腺炎是一种复杂且严重的疾病。本文综述了18种tsRNAs在PC和AP中的作用，重点关注它们在这两种疾病中的作用机制和潜在临床应用。这些tsRNAs通过调节多种途径影响胰腺癌和急性胰腺炎的进展，包括ZBP1/NLRP3、Hippo、PI3K/AKT、糖酵解/糖异生和Wnt信号通路。值得注意的是，tsRNAs的失调与胰腺癌和急性胰腺炎的关键临床因素密切相关，如淋巴结转移、肿瘤-淋巴结-转移（TNM）分期、总生存期（OS）和无病生存期（DFS）。本文不仅阐明了tsRNAs影响胰腺癌和急性胰腺炎的机制，还探讨了它们作为胰腺癌生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜力。这里提供的见解为未来的研究提供了有价值的参考，突出了tsRNAs在这些具有挑战性疾病的诊断和治疗中的重要性。
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